[Footnote 2:  Historical Essays, First Series, p. 71.]

[Footnote 3:  History of the English People, Book III, c. iv.]

[Footnote 4:  History of Scotland, vol. i, p. 2.  But, as Mr. Lang expressly repudiates any theory of displacement north of the Forth, and does not regard Harlaw in the light of a great racial contest, his position is not really incompatible with that of the present work.]

[Footnote 5:  History of England, p. 158.  Mr. Oman is almost alone in not calling them English in blood.]

[Footnote 6:  History of Scotland, vol. ii, pp. 393-394.]

[Footnote 7:  Instances of the first tendency are Edderton, near Tain, i.e. eadar duin ("between the hillocks"), and Falkirk, i.e. Eaglais ("speckled church"), while examples of the second tendency are too numerous to require mention.  Examples of ecclesiastical names are Laurencekirk and Kirkcudbright, and the growth of commerce receives the witness of such names as Turnberry, on the coast of Ayr, dating from the thirteenth century, and Burghead on the Moray Firth.]

[Footnote 8:  Cf. Waverley, c. xliii, and the concluding chapter of Tales of a Grandfather.]

[Footnote 9:  William of Newburgh states this in a probably exaggerated form when he says:—­“Regni Scottici oppida et burgi ab Anglis habitari noscuntur” (Lib.  II, c. 34).  The population of the towns in the Lothians was, of course, English.]

[Footnote 10:  For the real significance of such grants of land, cf.  Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, Essay II.]

[Footnote 11:  Scotland under her Early Kings, vol. i, p. 239.]

[Footnote 12:  Annalia, iv.]

[Footnote 13:  There is a possible exception in Barbour’s Bruce (Bk.  XVIII, 1. 443)—­“Then gat he all the Erischry that war intill his company, of Argyle and the Ilis alswa”.  It has been generally understood that the “Erischry” here are the Scottish Highlanders; but it is certain that Barbour frequently uses the word to mean Irishmen, and it is perhaps more probable that he does so here also than that he should use the word in this sense only once, and with no parallel instance for more than a century.]

[Footnote 14:  Chronicle, Book II, c. ix.  Cf.  App.  A.]

[Footnote 15:  Ibid, Book V, c. x.  Cf.  App.  A.]

[Footnote 16:  History of Greater Britain, Bk.  I, cc. vii, viii, ix.  Cf.  App.  A.]

[Footnote 17:  Scotorum Regni Descriptio, prefixed to his “History”.  Cf.  App.  A.]

[Footnote 18:  Fasti Aberdonenses, p. 3.]

[Footnote 19:  De Gestis Scotorum, Lib.  I. Cf.  App.  A. It is interesting to note, as showing how the breach between Highlander and Lowlander widened towards the close of the sixteenth century, that Father James Dalrymple, who translated Lesley’s History, at Ratisbon, about the beginning of the seventeenth century, wrote:  “Bot the rest of the Scottis, quhome we halde as outlawis and wylde peple”.  Dalrymple was probably a native of Ayrshire.]