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Major-General Philip Schuyler 12

Edward Pellew, afterwards Admiral, Lord Exmouth 12

Benedict Arnold 27

Attack on Fort Moultrie in 1776 33

Richard, Earl Howe 78

  Charles Henri, Comte d’Estaing 78

  Admiral, the Honourable Samuel Barrington 104

  Comte de Guichen 144

  George Brydges, Lord Rodney 144

  Francois-Joseph-Paul, Comte de Grasse, Marquis de Tilly 204

  Admiral, Lord Hood 204

  Sir Edward Hughes, K.B. 254

  Pierre Andre de Suffren de Saint Tropez 254

LIST OF MAPS

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  Lake Champlain and Connected Waters 8

  New York and New Jersey:  to illustrate Operations of 1776,
  1777, and 1778 40

  Narragansett Bay 70

  Leeward Islands (West Indies) Station 99

  Island of Santa Lucia 101

  Island of Martinique 164

  Peninsula of India, and Ceylon 234

  North Atlantic Ocean.  General Map to illustrate Operations in
  the War of American Independence 280

LIST OF BATTLE-PLANS

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  D’Orvilliers and Keppel, off Ushant, July 27, 1778

    Figure 1 86

    Figures 2 and 3 90

  D’Estaing and Byron, July 6, 1779 106

  Rodney and De Guichen, April 17, 1780, Figures 1 and 2 132

  Rodney and De Guichen, May 15, 1780 143

  Cornwallis and De Ternay, June 20, 1780 156

  Arbuthnot and Des Touches, March 16, 1781 172

  Graves and De Grasse, September 5, 1781 180

  Hood and De Grasse, January 25, 1782, Figures 1 and 2 201

  Hood and De Grasse, January 26, 1782, Figure 3 203

  Rodney and De Grasse, April 9 and 12, 1782

    Figures 1 and 2 210

    Figure 3 212

    Figures 4 and 5 215

    Figure 6 218

  Johnstone and Suffren, Porto Praya, April 16, 1781 237

  Hughes and Suffren, February 17, 1782 240

  Hughes and Suffren, April 12, 1782 243

  Hughes and Suffren, July 6, 1782 243

  Hughes and Suffren, September 3, 1782 249

* * * * *

THE MAJOR OPERATIONS OF THE NAVIES IN THE WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

INTRODUCTION

THE TENDENCY OF WARS TO SPREAD

Macaulay, in a striking passage of his Essay on Frederick the Great, wrote, “The evils produced by his wickedness were felt in lands where the name of Prussia was unknown.  In order that he might rob a neighbour whom he had promised to defend, black men fought on the coast of Coromandel, and red men scalped each other by the Great Lakes of North America.”