[Footnote 23:  Fracture of All the Sesamoid Bones, by R.F.  Frost, M.R.C.V.S., A.V.D., Rangoon, Burmah, in American Veterinary Review, Vol. 5, p. 362.]

[Footnote 24:  The Anatomy of the Domestic Animal, by Septimus Sisson, S.B., V.S.]

[Footnote 25:  Traite De Therapeutique Chirurgicale Des Animaux Domestique, par P.J.  Cadiot et J. Almy, Tome Second, page 547.]

[Footnote 26:  Anatomie Regionale Des Animaux Domestique, page 695.]

[Footnote 27:  Manual of Veterinary Physiology, by Major-General F. Smith, C.B., C.M.G., page 678.]

[Footnote 28:  Moeller’s Regional Veterinary Surgery, by Dollar, page 630.]

[Footnote 29:  Edinburgh Veterinary Review, Vol.  VI, page 616.]

[Footnote 30:  Equine Laminitis or Pododermatitis, by R.C.  Moore, D.V.S., American Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol.  XI, page 284.]

[Footnote 31:  American Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol.  XI, page 318.]

[Footnote 32:  The Shoeing of a Dropped Sole Foot by Dr. David W. Cochran, New York City, The Horse Shoers Journal, March, 1915.]

[Footnote 33:  Quittor and Its Treatment by the Hughes Method, J.T.  Seeley, M.D.C., Seattle, Washington, Chicago Veterinary College Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 9, page 27.]

SECTION IV.

LAMENESS IN THE HIND LEG.

Anatomo-Physiological Consideration of the Pelvic Limbs.

The pelvic bones as a whole constitute the analogue of the scapulae with respect to their function as a part of the mechanism of locomotive and supportive apparatus of the horse.  The manner of attachment or connection between the ilia and the trunk is materially different from that of the scapulae, however, and the angles as formed by the long axes of the ilia in relation to the spinal column are maintained by two functionally antagonistic structures—­the sacrosciatic ligaments, and the abdominal muscles by means of the prepubian tendon.  The sacro-iliac articulations are such that a very limited amount of movement is possible; free movement, however, is unnecessary because of the enarthrodial (ball and socket) femeropelvic joint.

The various muscles which exert their effect upon the pelvis in changing their relationship between the long axes of the ilia and spinal column, are concerned but little more in propulsion and weight bearing than are the pectoral muscles.  A general treatise on the subject of lameness does not properly include such structures any more than it does the various affections of the dorsal, lumbar and sacral vertebrae or inflammation of the abdominal parietes.  Involvement of such parts cause manifestations of lameness but the matter of establishing a diagnosis is difficult in many instances and in some cases impossible.

The femeropelvic articulation is formed by the hemispherical head of the femur and the acetabulum; the latter constituting a cotyloid cavity which is deepened by the cotyloid ligament.