[Footnote 23:  Breife Declaration, in Virginia State Senate Document, 1874.]

[Footnote 24:  Percy, Discourse, in Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), lxxiii.]

[Footnote 25:  Wingfield, Discourse, in Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), lxxiv.-xci.]

[Footnote 26:  Wingfield, Discourse, in Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), lxxxvi.]

[Footnote 27:  Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 175.]

[Footnote 28:  Wingfield, Discourse, in Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), lxxxvii.]

[Footnote 29:  Breife Declaration.]

[Footnote 30:  Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), 104.]

[Footnote 31:  Breife Declaration.]

[Footnote 32:  Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), 109-120.]

CHAPTER IV

GLOOM IN VIRGINIA

(1608-1617)

When Newport arrived with the “Second Supply,” September 29, 1608, he brought little relief.  His seventy passengers, added to the number that survived the summer, raised the population at Jamestown to about one hundred and twenty.  Among the new-comers were Richard Waldo, Peter Wynne (both added to the council), Francis West, a brother of Lord Delaware; eight Poles and Germans, sent over to begin the making of pitch and soap ashes; a gentlewoman, Mrs. Forrest, and her maid, Anne Burras, who were the first of their sex to settle at Jamestown.  About two months later there was a marriage in the church at Jamestown between John Laydon and Anne Burras,[1] and a year later was born Virginia Laydon, the first white child in the colony.[2]

The instructions brought by Newport expressed the dissatisfaction of the council with the paltry returns made to the company for their outlay, and required President Smith to aid Newport to do three things[3]—­viz., crown Powhatan; discover a gold-mine and a passage to the South Sea; and find Raleigh’s lost colony.  Smith tells us that he was wholly opposed to all these projects, but submitted as best he might.

The coronation of Powhatan was a formality borrowed from Sir Walter Raleigh’s peerage for Manteo, and duly took place at Werowocomoco.  Powhatan was presented with a basin, ewer, bed, bed-cover, and a scarlet cloak, but showed great unwillingness to kneel to receive the crown.  At last three of the party, by bearing hard upon his shoulders, got him to stoop a little, and while he was in that position they clapped it upon his head.  Powhatan innocently turned the whole proceeding into ridicule by taking his old shoes and cloak of raccoon skin and giving them to Newport.

To seek gold-mines and the South Sea, Newport, taking all the strong and healthy men at the fort, visited the country of the Monacans beyond the falls of the James.  In this march they discovered the vein of gold that runs through the present counties of Louisa, Goochland, Fluvanna, and Buckingham; but as the ore was not easily extracted from the quartz they returned to Jamestown tired and disheartened.  The search for Raleigh’s lost colony was undertaken with much less expense—­several small parties were sent southward but learned nothing important.