[Footnote 1:  Winthrop, New England, I., 283, 342-344.]

[Footnote 2:  Winthrop, New England, II., 95, 99, 102, 121-127.]

[Footnote 3:  Ibid., 121.]

[Footnote 4:  Simplicities Defence (Force, Tracts, IV., No. vi., 93).]

[Footnote 5:  Winthrop, New England, II., 203, 243, 301, 463.]

[Footnote 6:  Plymouth Col.  Records, IX., 32-49.]

[Footnote 7:  Palfrey, New England, II., 187-198, 332-341, III., 141; Hutchinson, Massachusetts Bay, I., 153.]

[Footnote 8:  Winthrop, New England, II., 325.]

[Footnote 9:  Palfrey, New England, II., 234.]

[Footnote 10:  Trumbull, Connecticut, I., 508.]

[Footnote 11:  Ibid., 165, 166; Palfrey, New England, II., 240-249.]

[Footnote 12:  Mass.  Col.  Records, III., 152.]

[Footnote 13:  Plymouth Col.  Records, IX., 158.]

[Footnote 14:  Mass.  Col.  Records, IV., pt. i., II.]

[Footnote 15:  Winthrop, New England, II., 128, 130, 153.]

[Footnote 16:  Winthrop, New England, II., 163, 180, 219, 220.]

[Footnote 17:  Plymouth Col.  Records, IX., 59.]

[Footnote 18:  Winthrop, New England, II., 244, 335.]

[Footnote 19:  Parkman, Jesuits, 327-335.]

[Footnote 20:  Hutchinson, Massachusetts Bay, I., 156-158.]

[Footnote 21:  Winthrop, New England, II., 155, 157, 169, 189, 193, 229; Brodhead, New York, I., 409.]

[Footnote 22:  Trumbull, Connecticut, I., 158.]

[Footnote 23:  Winthrop, New England, II., 382, 395; Brodhead, New York, I. 499.]

[Footnote 24:  Trumbull, Connecticut, I., 189-192.]

[Footnote 25:  Winthrop, New England, II., 325, 337.]

[Footnote 26:  Trumbull, Connecticut, I., 196.]

[Footnote 27:  Plymouth Col.  Records, IX., 210-215.]

[Footnote 28:  R.I.  Col.  Records, I., 266.]

[Footnote 29:  Plymouth Col.  Records, X., 102.]

[Footnote 30:  Mass.  Col.  Records, III., 311.]

[Footnote 31:  New Haven Col.  Records, II., 36.]

[Footnote 32:  Ibid., 37]

[Footnote 33:  Conn.  Col.  Records, I., 254.]

[Footnote 34:  Trumbull, Connecticut, I., 219, 220.]

[Footnote 35:  New Haven Col.  Records, II., iii.]

CHAPTER XIX

EARLY NEW ENGLAND LIFE

(1624-1652)

During the civil war in England the sympathies of Massachusetts, of course, were with Parliament.  New England ministers were invited to attend the Westminster assembly of divines held in September, 1642, and several of them returned to England.  The most prominent was Rev. Hugh Peter, who was instrumental in procuring the decapitation of Charles I., and paid for the offence, on the restoration of Charles II., with his own life.  In 1643 Parliament passed an act[1] freeing all commodities carried between England and New England from the payment of “any custom, subsidy, taxation, imposition, or other duty.”