Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 757 pages of information about Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1.

Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 757 pages of information about Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1.

The temporal relations of these major and minor phases cannot be considered apart from the index of their respective accentuations.  As the distribution of elements within the simple group fluctuates with the changes in intensive accentuation, so does the form of temporal succession in larger structures depend on the relations of intensity in their primary and secondary accentuations.  The quantitative values hereafter given apply, therefore, only to those specific intensities involved in the experiment.  Two types were chosen, the trochee and the dactyl.  The series of sounds was given by successive hammer-falls of 7/8 and 1/8 inch for the major, and 3/8 and 1/8 inch for the minor phase.  The distribution of time-values within each group was made on the basis of previous experimentation to determine those relations which support psychological uniformity.  These internal relations were maintained unchanged throughout the series of ratios which the durations of the two groups presented.  Four subjects took part in the experiment.  The quantitative results in the composition of trochaic forms are given in the following tables (LIII., LIV.), the figures of which present, in the form of percentages of total judgments, the apprehension of sensible equality or disparity in the two groups.

In the earlier set of experiments the series of ratios diverged in both directions from unity; in the later it departed in one only, since every divergence in the opposite direction had, in the previous experiments, been remarked at once by the observer.  In this second set the series of differences is more finely graded than in the former; otherwise the two sets of figures may be considered identical.  Using the equilibrium of errors as an index of sensible equality, the two trochaic groups are perceptually uniform when the temporal ratio of major and minor lies between 1.000:0.757 and 1.000:0.779.

TABLE LIII.

Ratio of Duration 2d Group Judged to be of 1st Group to 2d. + = — 1.000 :  1.250 100 per cent. 1.000 :  1.116 100 " 1.000 :  1.057 100 " 1.000 :  1.000 100 " 1.000 :  0.895 68 " 22 per cent. 1.000 :  0.800 25 " 75 " 1.000 :  0.714 100 per cent.

TABLE LIV.

Ratio of Duration 2d Group Judged to be of 1st Group to 2d. + = — 1.000 :  1.000 100.0 per cent. 1.000 :  0.973 87.5 " 12.5 per cent. 1.000 :  0.870 66.6 " 33.3 " 1.000 :  0.823 33.3 " 22.2 " 44.4 per cent. 1.000 :  0.777 50.0 " 50.0 " 1.000 :  0.735 33.3 " 33.3 " 33.3 " 1.000 :  0.694 33.3 " 66.6 "

In the dactylic form, as in the second trochaic series, ratios varying from unity in one direction only were employed.  The results follow: 

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