in Europe, it intensified an already active spirit of discovery.  In the summer of 1678 Hennepin joined La Salle and Laval Montmorency in the famous expedition of La Salle undertaken from Quebec to explore the interior, with a view to uniting Canada with the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of forts.  On arrival in Quebec Father Hennepin was sent forward by La Salle to Fort Frontenac, on Lake Ontario.  Thence, with La Monte and sixteen men, he went on to Niagara in order to smooth the way with the Indians for La Salle’s later coming.  It was at this time that Hennepin first saw Niagara Falls.  White men had probably seen the cataract before, but he is the first who wrote a description of it that has come down to us.  Hennepin’s character has been severely criticized.  He was much given to exaggeration, and he magnified his own importance.  Mr. Thwaites describes him as “hardy, brave and enterprising,” but “lacking in spiritual qualities.”

Hennepin’s estimate of the height of the falls (about 600 feet) may be cited as an example of his faculty in exaggeration.  The actual height is 167 feet.  The descent from Lake Erie to Ontario, including that of the rapids above and below the falls, is only 330 feet.

LA SALLE’S VOYAGE TO THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI

(1682)

BY FRANCIS PARKMAN[1]

La Salle chose eighteen of his Indian allies, whom he added to the twenty-three Frenchmen who remained with him, some of the rest having deserted, and others lagged behind.  The Indians insisted on taking their squaws with them.  These were ten in number, besides three children; and thus the expedition included fifty-four persons, of whom some were useless, and others a burden.

On the 21st of December, Tonty and Membre set out from Fort Miami with some of the party in six canoes, and crossed to the little river Chicago.  La Salle, with the rest of the men, joined them a few days later.  It was the dead of winter, and the streams were frozen.  They made sledges, placed on them the canoes, the baggage, and a disabled Frenchman; crossed from the Chicago to the northern branch of the Illinois, and filed in a long procession down its frozen course.  They reached the site of the great Illinois village, found it tenantless, and continued their journey, still dragging their canoes, till at length they reached open water below Lake Peoria.

La Salle had abandoned for a time his original plan of building a vessel for the navigation of the Mississippi.  Bitter experience[2] had taught him the difficulty of the attempt, and he resolved to trust to his canoes alone.  They embarked again, floating prosperously down between the leafless forests that flanked the tranquil river; till, on the sixth of February, they issued upon the majestic bosom of the Mississippi.  Here, for the time, their progress was stopt; for the river was full of floating ice.  La Salle’s