Again, having reflected that war was caused by luxury in dress, etc., the use of dyed garments grew uneasy to him, and he got and wore a hat of the natural color of the fur.  “In attending meetings this singularity was a trial to me, . . . and some Friends, who knew not from what motives I wore it, grew shy of me. . . .  Those who spoke with me I generally informed, in a few words, that I believed my wearing it was not in my own will.”

1. Representative American Orations.  Edited by Alexander Johnston.  New York:  G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1884.

2. The Federalist.  New York:  Charles Scribner. 1863.

3. Notes on Virginia.  By Thomas Jefferson.  Boston. 1829.

4. Travels in New England and New York.  By Timothy Dwight.  New Haven. 1821.

5. McFingal:  in Trumbull’s Poetical Works.  Hartford. 1820.

6.  Joel Barlow’s Hasty Pudding.  Francis Hopkinson’s Modern Learning.  Philip Freneau’s Indian Student, Indian Burying-Ground, and White Honeysuckle:  in Vol.  I of Duyckinck’s Cyclopedia of American Literature.  New York:  Charles Scribner. 1866.

7. Arthur Mervyn.  By Charles Brockden Brown.  Boston:  S. G. Goodrich. 1827.

8. The Journal of John Woolman.  With an Introduction by John G. Whittier.  Boston:  James R. Osgood & Co. 1871.

9. American Literature.  By Charles F. Richardson.  New York:  G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1887.

10. American Literature.  By John Nichol.  Edinburgh:  Adam & Charles Black. 1882.

CHAPTER III.

THE ERA OF NATIONAL EXPANSION.

1815-1837.

The attempt to preserve a strictly chronological order must here be abandoned.  About all the American literature in existence that is of any value as literature is the product of the past three quarters of a century, and the men who produced it, though older or younger, were still contemporaries.  Irving’s Knickerbocker’s History of New York, 1809, was published within the recollection of some yet living, and the venerable poet Richard H. Dana—­Irving’s junior by only four years—­survived to 1879, when the youngest of the generation of writers that now occupy public attention had already won their spurs.  Bryant, whose Thanatopsis was printed in 1816, lived down to 1878.  He saw the beginnings of our national literature, and he saw almost as much of the latest phase of it as we see to-day in this year 1891.  Still, even within the limits of a single life-time, there have been progress and change.  And so, while it will happen that the consideration of writers, a part of whose work falls between the dates at the head of this chapter, may be postponed to subsequent chapters, we may in a general way follow the sequence of time.