CHAPTER VI

The English-speaking peoples; action and reaction. 191. 
   The poets. 195. 
   Coleridge. 197. 
   The oriel school. 199. 
   ERSINE and Campbell. 201. 
   Maurice. 204. 
   Channing. 205. 
   Bushnell. 207. 
   The Catholic revival. 211. 
   The Oxford movement. 212. 
   Newman. 214. 
   Modernism. 221. 
   Robertson. 223. 
   Phillips Brooks. 224. 
   The broad church. 224. 
   Carlyle. 228. 
   Emerson. 230. 
   Arnold. 232. 
   Martineau. 234. 
   James. 238.

Bibliography. 243.

CHAPTER I

A. INTRODUCTION

The Protestant Reformation marked an era both in life and thought for the modern world.  It ushered in a revolution in Europe.  It established distinctions and initiated tendencies which are still significant.  These distinctions have been significant not for Europe alone.  They have had influence also upon those continents which since the Reformation have come under the dominion of Europeans.  Yet few would now regard the Reformation as epoch-making in the sense in which that pre-eminence has been claimed.  No one now esteems that it separates the modern from the mediaeval and ancient world in the manner once supposed.  The perspective of history makes it evident that large areas of life and thought remained then untouched by the new spirit.  Assumptions which had their origin in feudal or even in classical culture continued unquestioned.  More than this, impulses in rational life and in the interpretation of religion, which showed themselves with clearness in one and another of the reformers themselves, were lost sight of, if not actually repudiated, by their successors.  It is possible to view many things in the intellectual and religious life of the nineteenth century, even some which Protestants have passionately reprobated, as but the taking up again of clues which the reformers had let fall, the carrying out of purposes of their movement which were partly hidden from themselves.

Men have asserted that the Renaissance inaugurated a period of paganism.  They have gloried that there supervened upon this paganism the religious revival which the Reformation was.  Even these men will, however, not deny that it was the intellectual rejuvenation which made the religious reformation possible or, at all events, effective.  Nor can it be denied that after the Revolution, in the Protestant communities the intellectual element was thrust into the background.  The practical and devotional prevailed.  Humanism was for a time shut out.  There was more room for it in the Roman Church than