kindly.  And now the professor grows savage and so wildly Conservative that we fear he may denounce Magna Charta next as a gross error.  I know very well that all men are not equal, and the professor’s keenest logic cannot make me see that point any more clearly than at present.  But suppose that one fine day some awkward leader of the people says, “You tell us, professor, that we are wealthy, and that it is right that some men should be gorged while we are bitten with famine.  If Britain is so wealthy, how is it that eleven million acres of good agricultural land are now out of cultivation, while the people whom the land used to feed are crushed in the slums of the towns in the case of labourers, or gone beyond the sea in the case of the farmers?” I want to be impartial, but freely own that I should not like to answer that question, and I do not believe the professor could.  The men who used to supply our fighting force are now becoming extinct.  If they go into the town and pick up some kind of work, then the second generation are weaklings and a burden to us; while, if they go abroad, they are still removed from the Mother of Nations, who needs her sons of the soil, even though she may feel proud of the gallant new States which they are rearing.  And, while rats and mice and obscure vermin are gradually taking possession of the land on which Britons were bred, the signs of bursting wealth are thick among us.  Is a nation rich that cannot afford even to keep the kind of men who once defended her?  To me the gradual return of the land to its primitive wildness is more than depressing.  There are districts on the borders of Hertford and Essex which might make a sentimental traveller sit down and cry.  It all seems strange; it looks so poverty-stricken, so filthy, so sordid, so like the site of a slum after all the houses have been levelled for a dozen years; and this in the midst of our England!  I say nothing about land-laws and so forth, but I will say that those who fancy the towns can survive when the farms are deserted are much mistaken.  “Are we wealthy?” “Yes,” and “No.”  We are wealthy in the wrong places, and we are poor in the wrong places; and the combination will end in mischief unless we are very soon prepared to make an alteration in most of our ways of living.  In many respects it is a good world; but it might be made better, nobler, finer in every quarter, if the poor would only recognise wise and silent leaders, and use the laws which men have made in order to repair the havoc which other men have also made.

XI.

THE VALUES OF LABOUR.