him at the rate of fifteen volumes per relay.  Very satisfactory.  Most satisfactory too are the Board-school libraries, from which a million children obtain the best and noblest of literature without money and without price.  Still there remains the fact that any man who sat down and wrote long letters on literary subjects would be looked upon as light-headed.  We are too clever to be in earnest, and the expenditure of earnestness on such a subject as literature is regarded as evidence of pedantry or folly, or both.  Those men of former days knew their few books thoroughly and loved them wisely; we know our many books only in a smattering way, and we do not love them at all.  When Mr. Mark Pattison suggested that a well-to-do man reasonably expend 10 per cent. of his income on books, he roused a burst of kindly laughter, and it was suggested that solitary confinement would do him a great deal of good.  That was a fine trenchant mode of looking at the matter.  When, in meditative hours, I compare the two generations of readers, I think that the mental health of the old school and the new school may be compared respectively with the bodily health of sober sturdy countrymen and effete satiated gourmands of the town.  The countrymen has no great variety of good cheer, but he assimilates all that is best of his fare, and he grows powerful, calm, able to endure heavy tasks.  The jaded creature of the clubs and the race-courses and the ball-room has swift incessant variety until all things pall upon him.  In time he must begin with damaging stimulants before he can go on with the interesting pursuits of each day.  Every device is tried to tickle his dead palate; but the succession of dainties is of no avail, for the man cannot assimilate what is set before him, and he becomes soft of muscle, devoid of nerve—­a weed of civilisation.  Are not the cases analogous to those of the sound reverent student and the weary blase skimmer of books?  So, in sum, I say that, even if our enormous output of printed matter goes on increasing, and if the number of readers increases by millions, yet, so long as men read the thoughts of other men not to search for instruction and high pleasure, but to search for distraction and vain delirious excitement, then we are justified in talking of the decline of literature.  Far be it from me to say that people should neglect the study of men and women and devote themselves to the strained study of books alone.  The mere bookman is always more or less a dolt; but the wise reader who learns from the living voice and visible actions of his fellow-creatures as well as from the dead printed pages is on the way to placidity and strength and true wisdom.  Thus much I will say—­the flippant devourer of books can neither be wise nor strong nor useful; and it is his tribe who have discredited a pursuit which once was noble and of good report.

IV.

COLOUR-BLINDNESS IN LITERATURE.