=227= 9 =novenas=:  periods of nine days given to devotion and prayer.  In English the word is pronounced with the English sounds of e and a.—­=manifiestos=:  exposures of the Sacrament for the adoration of believers.

=227= 15 =el duque de Osuna=:  a nobleman of very illustrious family, Spanish viceroy of Naples in the reign of Philip III.  The plot mentioned below was, according to the Venetians, a diabolical scheme entered into by the Duke of Osuna, the Marquis of Villafranca, and the Marquis of Bedmar, all Spaniards of high rank engaged in the war of the Spanish kingdom in Italy against Duke Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, who was aided by the Venetians.  The plan was said to have involved the surprise of Venice, the slaughter of its senate and nobles, and its reduction to a mere dependency of Spain.  Spanish historians have denied the existence of any such plot; for all that, it has remained the most memorable thing connected with the viceroyalty of the Duke of Osuna.  Hence the irony of the present reference to it.

=227= 19 =Esto se acabo=:  ‘this story is finished.’  Cf. n. on p. 40, l. 1.

=VOCABULARY=

This vocabulary aims to be complete, except for such proper names as do not appear to involve a play on words or a change of form in translation into English.  Superlatives in =-isimo= are not given unless irregular, but diminutives and augmentatives are given.  Adverbs in =-mente= are given under their adjectives, and are not separately defined if the definition of the adjective sufficiently indicates their rendering.  Adjectives and personal substantives which form regular feminines are given in the masculine form, with the masculine definitions only, so far as the feminine definitions can be inferred from these; thus, for =tia= look under =tio=, and, finding the definition ‘uncle,’ render the feminine by ‘aunt.’  This rule has been followed even where, as with =descalzo, maton=, the feminine is the only form found in our text.  Infinitives used substantively, translatable by the English form in _-ing_, are not separately given.  The participial form in =-nte= is given separately, but that in =-ndo= and the past participle are not given apart from their verbs if the verbs occur.  Neither is the substantivized past participle, even such as =pecado=; but not so words which merely coincide with the participle in form, as =estado=.  Words which take the accent mark merely to indicate interrogative or exclamatory use are given under the unaccented form, and the existence of an accented form is not mentioned if the English equivalent remains the same.  Irregular forms of verbs in Chapters I-III are separately given so far as they affect the finding of the word; usually a group of forms that begin alike is represented by one of its simplest members—­thus, in looking for =puso= or =pusiese= take ’=puse= see =poner=’ as guide.  A statement of reflexive use is given under =se=, and a verb is not separately defined as reflexive if its reflexive meaning is derivable from the non-reflexive by applying what is found under =se=.  A participle which has reflexive force without the reflexive pronoun is in general especially defined, but the student will do well to keep in mind the principle that any past participle may be a reflexive without the pronoun.