labasco, begin to totter (from labo); horresco, grow rough (from horreo); tremesco, begin to tremble (from tremo); obdormisco, fall asleep (from dormio).
2. FREQUENTATIVES OR INTENSIVES. These denote a repeated or energetic action. They are formed from the Participial Stem, and end in -to or -so. Those derived from verbs of the First Conjugation end in -ito (not -ato, as we should expect). Examples of Frequentatives are—
jacto, toss about, brandish
(from jacio,
hurl);
curso, run hither and thither (from
curro, run);
volito, flit about (from
volo, fly).
a. Some double Frequentatives occur; as,—
cantito, sing over and over (canto); cursito, keep running about (curso); ventito, keep coming.
b. agito, set in motion, is formed from the Present Stem.
3. DESIDERATIVES. These denote a desire to do something. They are formed from the Participial Stem, and end in -urio; as,—
esurio, desire to eat, am
hungry (edo);
parturio, want to bring forth,
am in (pario).
labor
2. Verbs derived from Nouns and Adjectives (Denominatives).
156. Denominatives of the First Conjugation are mostly transitive; those of the Second exclusively intransitive. Those of the Third and Fourth Conjugations are partly transitive, partly intransitive. Examples are—
a) From Nouns:—
fraudo, defraud (fraus); vestio, clothe (vestis); floreo, bloom (flos).
b) From Adjectives:—
libero, free (liber);
saevio, be fierce (saevus).
* * * * *
D. ADVERBS.
157. 1. Adverbs derived from verbs are formed from the Participial Stem by means of the suffix -im; as,—
certatim, emulously (certo);
cursim, in haste (curro);
statim, immediately (sto).
2. Adverbs derived from nouns and adjectives are formed:—
a) With the suffixes -tim (-sim), -atim; as,—
gradatim, step by step;
paulatim, gradually;
viritim, man by man.
b) With the suffix -tus; as,—
antiquitus, of old;
radicitus, from the roots.
c) With the suffix -ter; as,—
breviter, briefly.
* * * * *
II. COMPOUNDS.
158. 1. Compounds are formed by the union of simple words. The second member usually contains the essential meaning of the compound; the first member expresses some modification of this.