no Iname.—­Sh[=o]toku.—­Japanese pilgrims to China.—­Changes wrought by the new creed and cult.—­Temples, monasteries and images.—­Influence upon the Mikado’s name, rank and person, and upon Shint[=o].—­Relative influence of Buddhism in Asia and of Christianity in Europe.—­The three great characteristics of Buddhism.—­How the clouds returned after the rain.—­Buddhism and Christianity confronting the problem of life.

CHAPTER VII

RIYOBU, OR MIXED BUDDHISM, PAGE 189

The experience of two centuries and a half of Buddhism in Japan.—­Necessity of using more powerful means for the conversion of the Japanese.—­Popular customs nearly ineradicable.—­Analogy from European history.—­Syncretism in Christian history.—­In the Arabian Nights.—­How far is the process of Syncretism honest?—­Examples not to be recommended for imitation.—­The problem of reconciling the Kami and the Buddhas.—­Northern Buddhism ready for the task.—­The Tantra or Yoga-chara system.—­Art and its influence on the imagination.—­The sketch replaced by the illumination and monochrome by colors.—­Japanese art.—­Mixed Buddhism rather than mixed Shint[=o].—­K[=o]b[=o] the wonder-worker who made all Japanese history a transfiguration of Buddhism.—­Legends about his extraordinary abilities and industry.—­His life, and studies in China.—­The kata-kana syllabary.—­K[=o]b[=o]o’s revelation from the Shint[=o] goddess Toyo-Uke-Bime.—­The gods of Japan were avatars of Buddha.—­K[=o]b[=o]’s plan of propaganda.—­Details of the scheme.—­A clearing-house of gods and Buddhas.—­Relative rise and fall of the native and the foreign deities.—­Legend of Daruma.  “Riy[=o]bu Shint[=o].”—­Impulse to art and art industry.—­The Kami no Michi falls into shadow.—­Which religion suffered most?—­Phenomenally the victory belonged to Buddhism.—­The leavening power was that of Shint[=o].—­Buddhism’s fresh chapter of decay.—­Influence of Riy[=o]bu upon the Chinese ethical system in Japan.—­Influence on the Mikado.—­Abdication all along the lines of Japanese life.—­Ultimate paralysis of the national intellect.—­Comparison with Chinese Buddhism.—­Miracle-mongering.—­No self-reforming power in Buddhism.—­The Seven Happy Gods of Fortune.—­Pantheism’s destruction of boundaries.—­The author’s study of the popular processions in Japan.—­Masaka Do.—­Swamping of history in legend.—­The jewel in the lotus.

CHAPTER VIII

NORTHERN BUDDHISM IN ITS DOCTRINAL EVOLUTIONS, PAGE 225

Four stages of the doctrinal development of Buddhism in Japan.—­Reasons for the formation of sects.—­The Saddharma Pundarika.—­Shastras and Sutras.—­The Ku-sha sect.—­Book of the Treasury of Metaphysics.—­The J[=o]-jitsu sect, its founder and its doctrines.—­The Ris-shu or Viyana sect.—­Japanese pilgrims to China.—­The Hos-s[=o] sect and its doctrines.—­The three grades of disciples.—­The San-ron or