are always attached to living creatures.  Three kinds of intelligence also are noticeable in every creature, viz., that which depends upon Goodness, that upon Passion, and that upon Darkness, O Bharata.  The quality of Goodness brings happiness; the quality of Passion produces sorrow; and if these two combine with the quality of Darkness, then neither happiness nor sorrow is produced (but, instead, only delusion or error).  Every state of happiness that appears in the body or the mind is said to be due to the quality of Goodness.  A state of sorrow, disagreeable to oneself’, that comes, is due to nothing but the quality of Passion.  One should never think of it with fear.[608] That state, again, which is allied with delusion and error, and in consequence of which one knows not what to do, which is unascertainable and unknown, should be regarded as belonging to the quality of Darkness.[609] Gladness, satisfaction, delight, happiness, tranquillity of heart, these are the properties of the state of Goodness.  Man sometimes obtains a measure of them.  Discontent, heart-burning, grief, cupidity, vindictiveness are all indications of the state of Passion.  They are seen with or without adequate causes for producing them.  Disgrace, delusion, error, sleep and stupefaction, that overtake one through excess of ill-luck, are the various properties of the state of Darkness.[610] That person whose mind is far-reaching, capable of extending in all directions, mistrustful in respect of winning the objects it desires, and well-restrained, is happy both here and hereafter.[611] Mark the distinction between these two subtile things, viz., Intelligence and Soul.  One of these (viz., intelligence), puts forth the qualities.  The other (viz., the Soul), does nothing of the kind.  A gnat and a fig may be seen to be united with each other.  Though united, each however is distinct from the other.  Similarly, Intelligence and Soul, though distinguished from each other, by their respective natures, yet they may always be seen to exist in a state of union.  A fish and water exist in a state of union, Each, however, is different from the other.  The same is the case with Intelligence and Soul.  The qualities do not know the Soul, but the Soul knows them all.  The Soul is the spectator of the qualities and regards them all as proceeding from itself.  The soul, acting through the senses, the mind, and the understanding numbering as the seventh, all of which are inactive and have no self-consciousness, discovers the objects (amid which it exists) like a (covered) lamp showing all objects around it by shedding its rays through an aperture in the covering.  The understanding or Intelligence creates all the qualities.  The Soul only beholds them (as a witness).  Even such is certainly the connection between the intelligence and the Soul.[612] There is no refuge on which either Intelligence or Soul depends.  The Understanding creates the mind, but never the qualities.  When the soul, by means of the mind,