was made the lord of the Pitris.  Kuvera was made the lord of treasures and of all the Rakshasas.  Meru was made the king of the mountains, and Ocean was made the lord of the rivers.  The puissant Varuna was installed into the sovereignty of the waters and the Asuras.  Death was made the lord of life and all living things, and Fire was appointed as the lord of all things possessed of energy.  The puissant Isana the high-souled and eternal Mahadeva, of three eyes, was made the lord of the Rudras.  Vasishtha was made the lord of the Brahmanas, and Jatavedas was made the chief of the Vasus.  Surya was made the lord of all luminous bodies, and Chandramas was made the king of Stars and constellations.  Ansumat was made the lord of all herbs, and the puissant and foremost of deities, viz., Kumara or Skanda, of twelve arms, was made the chief of all the spirits and ghostly beings (that wait upon Mahadeva).  Time, possessing the seeds of both destruction and growth, was made the sovereign of all creatures as also of the four portions of Death (viz., weapons, diseases, Yama, and acts) and lastly of grief and joy.  The Srutis declare that the supreme god Mahadeva, that lord of lords, O king, armed with Sula, is the chief of the Rudras.  The rod of chastisement was given to Brahmana’s son of subsequent birth, viz., Kshupa, that lord of all creatures and the foremost one of all virtuous persons.  Upon the completion of that sacrifice according to due rites, Mahadeva, after doing proper reverence made over Chastisement, that protector of Righteousness, unto Vishnu.[371] Vishnu gave it to Angiras; and Angiras, that foremost of ascetics, made it over to Indra and Marichi.  Marichi gave it to Bhrigu.  Bhrigu gave that rod intended for the protection of righteousness, unto all the Rishis.  The Rishis gave it unto the Regents of the world, and the Regents made it over again to Kshupa.  Kshupa then made it over to Manu the son of Surya.  The deity of Sraddhas (viz., Manu), gave it unto his sons for the sake of true righteousness and wealth.  Chastisement should be inflicted with discrimination, guided by righteousness and not by caprice.  It is intended for restraining the wicked.  Fines and forfeitures are intended for striking alarm, and not for filling the king’s treasury.  The maiming of one’s body or the infliction of death should not proceed from trivial causes.  The infliction of physical pain by diverse means, hurling from tops of mountains, and banishment also, should not proceed from similar causes.  Surya’s son Manu gave the rod of chastisement (to his sons) for the protection of the world.  Chastisement, in the hands of successive holders, remains awake, protecting all creatures.  At the top of the scale, the divine Indra is awake (with the rod of chastisement); after him, Agni of blazing flames; after him, Varuna; after Varuna, Prajapati; after Prajapati, Righteousness whose essence consists of restraint,[372] after Righteousness the son of