the Vedas the sacrifices flow.  Sacrifices gratify the deities.  The deities, being gratified, commend the denizens of the earth to Indra.  For benefiting the denizens of the earth, Indra gives them food (in the form of rain without which crops and vegetation would fail).  The life of all creatures depends upon food.  From food creatures derive their support and growth.  Chastisement (in the form of the Kshatriya ruler) remains wakeful amongst them.  For serving this object, Chastisement assumes the form of a Kshatriya among men.  Protecting men, he remains awake, always heedful and never decaying.  Chastisement has again these other eight names, viz., God, Man, Life, Power, Heart, the Lord of all creatures, the Soul of all things, and the Living creature.  God gave both affluence and the rod of chastisement to the king who is possessed of strength (in the form of military forces) and who is a combination of five ingredients.[364] Nobility of blood, ministers of great wealth, knowledge, the different kinds of forces (such as strength of body, energy of mind, etc.), with the eight objects mentioned below, and the other force (viz., that which depends upon a well-filled treasury), should be sought for the king, O Yudhishthira.  Those eight objects are elephants, horses, cars, foot soldiers, boats, impressed labourers (for following the camp and doing other work), increase of population, and cattle (such as sheep, etc.).  Of the army equipped in mail and with other accoutrements, car-warriors, elephant-warriors, cavalry, Infantry, officers, and surgeons constitute the limbs.  Beggars, principal judges, astrologers, performers of propitiatory and Atharvan rites, treasury, allies, grain, and all other requisites, constitute the body, composed of seven attributes and eight limbs, of a kingdom.  Chastisement is another powerful limb of a kingdom.  Chastisement (in the form of an army) is the author of a kingdom.  God himself has, with great care, sent Chastisement for the use of the Kshatriya.  This eternal universe is impartial Chastisement’s self.  There is nothing more worthy of respect by kings than Chastisement by which the ways of Righteousness are pointed out.  Brahman himself, for the protection of the world and for establishing the duties of different individuals, sent down (or created) Chastisement.  There is another kind of Vyavahara arising out of the dispute of litigants which also has sprung from Brahman.  Principally characterised by a belief in either of the two parties, that Vyavahara is seen to be productive of good.  There is another kind of Vyavahara which has the Veda for its soul.  It is also said to have the Veda for its cause.  There is, O tiger, among kings, a (third) kind of Vyavahara which is connected with family customs but which is consistent with the scriptures.[365] That Vyavahara which has, as above, been said to be characterised by a belief in either of two litigant parties, should be known by us as inhering in the king.