Those that are of very wicked conduct should be chastised by the king with even corporal inflictions.  The king should cherish all good men with agreeable speeches and gifts of wealth.  He who seeks to compass the death of the king should be punished with death to be effected by diverse means.  The same should be the punishment of one who becomes guilty of arson or theft or such co-habitation with women as may lead to a confusion of castes.  A king, O monarch, who inflicts punishments duly and conformably to the dictates of the science of chastisement, incurs no sin by the act.  On the other hand, he earns merit that is eternal.  That foolish king who inflicts punishments capriciously, earns infamy here and sinks into hell hereafter.  One should not be punished for the fault of another, Reflecting well upon the (criminal) code, a person should be convicted or acquitted.  A king should never slay an envoy under any circumstances.  That king who slays art envoy sinks into hell with all his ministers.  That king observant of Kshatriya practices who slays an envoy that faithfully utters the message with which he is charged, causes the manes of his deceased ancestors to be stained with the sin of killing a foetus.  An envoy should possess these seven accomplishments, viz., he should be high-born, of a good family, eloquent, clever, sweet-speeched, faithful in delivering the message with which he is charged, and endued with a good memory.  The aid-de-camp of the king that protects his person should be endued with similar qualities.  The officer also that guards his capital or citadel should possess the same accomplishments.  The king’s minister should be conversant with the conclusions of the scriptures and competent in directing wars and making treaties.  He should, further, be intelligent, possessed of courage, modest, and capable of keeping secrets.  He should also be of high birth endued with strength of mind, and pure in conduct.  If possessed of these qualities, he should be regarded worthy.  The commander of the king’s forces should be possessed of similar accomplishments.  He should also be conversant with the different kinds of battle array and with the uses of engines and weapons.  He should be able to bear exposure to rain, cold, heat, and wind, and watchful of the laches of foes.  The king, O monarch, should be able to lull his foes into a sense of security.  He should not, however, himself trust anyone.  The reposing of confidence on even his own son is not to be approved of.  I have now, O sinless one, declared to thee what the conclusions of the scriptures are.  Refusal to trust anyone has been said to be one of the highest mysteries of king-craft.’”

SECTION LXXXVI

“Yudhishthira said, ’What should be the kind of city within which the king should himself dwell?  Should he select one already made or should he cause one to be especially constructed?  Tell me this O grandsire!’