Cream soups are made by cooking vegetables or cereal, then utilizing the water in which they are cooked as part of the liquid for the soup.  Outer parts or wilted parts of vegetables may be utilized for soups instead of being discarded.  Water in which ham or mutton has been boiled makes an excellent basis for dried or fresh vegetable soups.  In fact, soup can be made from all kinds of leftovers—­the variety and kind make little difference so long as the mixture is allowed to simmer for several hours and is properly seasoned.

CREAM SOUP

  1/3 cup fat
  1/3 cup flour
  1 teaspoon salt
  1 cup cereal or vegetable
  1/4 teaspoon cayenne
  1 pt. milk
  1 pt. water, in which vegetable or cereal was cooked, or leftover
          water in which meat was cooked.

Melt fat, add dry ingredients and, gradually, liquid.  When at boiling point, add vegetables or cereal and serve.

MEAT STOCK

Leftover bits of meat, bone, or gristle may be used alone or with some fresh meat and bone from shin or neck.

To each 1 lb. of meat and bone, add 1 qt. cold water.  Let stand 1 hour.  Cover and bring slowly to boiling point and simmer 2 to 3 hours.  Remove bones and meat.  Let stand until cold.  Skim off fat.  Add vegetables cut in small pieces, season as desired and cook until vegetables are tender.  Leftover cereals, as barley, oatmeal, etc., vegetables, macaroni, tapioca, sago, etc., etc., may be added for increased food value.

TOMATO GUMBO SOUP

Bones and gristle from chicken or turkey 2 qts. cold water 1 cup okra 1 tablespoon chopped pimento 1-1/2 teaspoons salt 1/2 cup rice 2 tablespoons fat 1-1/2 cups tomatoes 1/4 cup chopped parsley

Soak bones and gristle in the cold water 1 hour.  Then boil slowly 1 hour, in same water.  Strain out the bones and gristle and add other ingredients to the liquor.  Boil this mixture slowly 3/4 hour and serve.

LEGUME SOUP

1 cup dried peas, beans or lentils 3 qts. cold water 1 tablespoon onion pulp 1 ham bone or 1/2 pound smoked sausage 1 teaspoon celery salt 2 teaspoons salt 2 tablespoons flour, plus 2 tablespoons cold water 1/4 teaspoon pepper 1 cup tomato

Wash and soak dried legume over night.  In morning drain, add water, ham bone or sausage and cook very slowly until tender.  Add other ingredients, cook 1/2 hour and serve.

VEGETABLE SOUP

1 qt. boiling water 1/2 cup carrots 1/2 cup cabbage 1 cup potatoes 1 cup tomato juice and pulp 1 tablespoon minced onion 1/4 teaspoon pepper 4 tablespoons fat 4 cloves 1 bayleaf 2 teaspoons salt 4 peppercorns 2 tablespoons chopped parsley

Heat onion, pepper, salt, bayleaf and peppercorns with tomatoes for 20 minutes.  Strain.  To juice and pulp add other ingredients and cook slowly 1 hour.  Add parsley just before serving.