sale of pardons, 404, 439;
  no horror felt at election of Alexander VI., 410;
  Turks invited to Italy, 415, 551;
  censure of press, 416: 
  alliance with France, 427, 566;
  political crimes of Alexander VI., 428;
  tide turns with Julius II., 433;
  reforms of Adrian VI., 441;
  moral advantage of sack of Rome, 445. 
  Court, 372;
  its scandalous history, 390, 403, 411, 414, 420, 424, 439, 457;
  extravagance, 390, 436, 437;
  extortion, 437;
  monopolies, 394;
  nepotism, 419, 438;
  simony, 394, 405, 414;
  art patronage, 384, 401, 433, 436. 
Paterini, 9. 
Paul II., 383. 
Pazzi conspiracy, 396. 
Perrotti quoted, 179. 
Perugia, 612. 
Pescara, marquis of, 634. 
Petrarch, 11, 20; quoted, 250. 
Piccolomini (see Pius II.). 
Pisa, 342, 560. 
Pitti, 275, 280; works, 291,
Pius II., 380. 
Poggio quoted, 187. 
Poliziano, 171,
Poontano cited, 481. 
Printers of Renaissance, 23,
Provence, civilization of, 9. 
Puritanism, 25, 37.

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Raffaella quoted, 483. 
Raphael, works, 488. 
Reformation, 433;
  how affected by Renaissance, 27. 
Rembrandt, works, 490. 
Renaissance (see Middle Age), not synonymous with “revival of
      learning,” 1;
  not completed, 2;
  extent of signification, 2-3;
  origin, 4;
  idea not separable from “Reformation,” “Revolution,” 5;
  effect on old beliefs, 14, 16;
  all its tendencies worldly, 455;
  restores double past, Christian and pagan, 506;
  obstacles in the way, 5;
  preparation, 9;
  opposition of the Church, 10;
  character of the men, 12;
  discoveries, 15;
  scholarship, 20;
  assimilation of paganism, 25;
  reaction against enlightenment, 25;
  inventions, 29. 
Reuchlin, 27. 
Reumont, A. von, cited, 212, 524. 
Ripamonti quoted, 163, 167. 
Robbia, works, 489. 
Romagna, 349. 
Romano, Ezzelino da, 69, 75, 106, 119;
  Giulio, works, 490. 
Rome (see Italy, Papacy), effect of its ruins, 253;
  appearance at time of French occupation, 564;
  early mediaeval history, 47;
  opposition to Lombards, 49;
  government semi-independent of pope, 376;
  advantages derived from presence of papal court, 377;
  improvements under Nicholas V., 378;
  impunity of criminals, 405;
  factions destroyed, 413;
  rising of Colonnas, 443;
  sack, 444, 636;
  prostitutes, 474. 
Romeo and Juliet, 74,
Rosellini, works, 489,
Rosenbaum cited, 567. 
Royere, F. della (see Sixtus IV.);
  Francesco Maria, 393;
  Giuliano (see Julius II,);
  Pietro, 390. 
Rubens, works, 490.

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