[997] Boyd Alexander, From the Niger to the Nile, Vol.  II, pp. 108-110.  London, 1907.

[998] History of the Conquest of the Canaries, p. xxxix.  Hakluyt Society, London, 1872.

[999] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, pp. 273, 299-300.  London, 1896-98.

[1000] Ibid., Vol.  I, pp. 270, 274-275.  Adolf Marcuse, Die Hawaiischen Inseln, p. 108.  Berlin, 1894.

[1001] R.L.  Stevenson, The South Seas, pp. 138-139.  New York, 1903.

[1002] George Forster, Voyage Round the World, Vol.  I, p. 564, 569, 572, 577, 584, 586, 596.  London, 1777.

[1003] Westermarck, History of Human Marriage, pp. 116, 441, 462-463, 450-452, 454, 457.  London, 1891.

[1004] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, p. 270.  London, 1896-1898.

[1005] R.H.  Codrington, The Melanesians, p. 229.  Oxford, 1891.

[1006] Basil Thomson, The Fijians, pp. 221-227.  London, 1908.  Williams and Calvert, Fiji and the Fijians, pp. 132, 142.  New York, 1859.

[1007] Ibid., p. 130.  R.L.  Stevenson, The South Seas, pp. 38, 40.  New York, 1903.

[1008] Ibid., p. 38.

[1009] J.S.  Jenkins, United States Exploring Squadron under Capt.  Wilkes, 1838-1842, pp. 404-405.  New York, 1855.

[1010] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, pp. 270, 299.  London, 1896-98.

[1011] Adolf Marcuse, Die Hawaiischen Inseln, p. 109.  Berlin, 1894.

[1012] G.W.  Knox, Japanese Life in Town and Country, p. 188.  New York, 1905.

[1013] Capt.  Cook’s Journal, First Voyage Round the World in the Endeavor, 1768-1771, pp. 95, 96.  Edited by W.J.L.  Wharton.  London, 1893.

[1014] Malthus, Essay on Population, Book I, chap.  V.

[1015] R.L.  Stevenson, The South Seas, p. 39.  New York, 1903.

[1016] Ibid., p. 52.

[1017] Adolf Marcuse, Die Hawaiischen Inseln, p. 109.  Berlin, 1894.

[1018] Williams and Calvert, Fiji and the Fijians, pp. 144-146.  New York, 1859.

[1019] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, p. 330.  London, 1896-1898.

[1020] William Mariner, Natives of the Tonga Islands, Vol.  II, pp. 95, 134-135.  Edinburgh, 1827.  Capt.  Cook’s Journal, First Voyage Round the World in the Endeavor, 1768-1771, pp. 220-221.  Edited by W.J.L.  Wharton.  London, 1893.

[1021] Strabo, Book X, chap.  V, 6.

[1022] R.L.  Stevenson, The South Seas, pp. 98-104.  New York, 1903.

[1023] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, pp. 297-299.  London, 1896-1898.

[1024] William Mariner, Natives of the Tonga Islands, Vol.  II, pp. 108-109.  Edinburgh, 1827.

[1025] Darwin and Fitzroy, Voyage of the Beagle, Vol.  II, pp. 183, 189-190.  London, 1839.

CHAPTER XIV

PLAINS, STEPPES AND DESERTS

[Sidenote:  Relief of the sea floor.]