of an inadequate labor supply attended the sudden accession of territory opened for European occupation by the discovery of America, and caused a sudden recrudescence of slavery, which as an industrial system had long been outgrown by Europe.  It has also given immense stimulus to invention, and to the formation of labor unions, which in the newest colonial fields, like Australia and New Zealand, have dominated the government and given a Utopian stamp to legislation.

Yet underlying and permeating this materialism is a youthful idealism.  Transplanted to conditions of greater opportunity, the race becomes rejuvenated, abandons outgrown customs and outworn standards, experiences an enlargement of vision and of hope, gathers courage and energy equal to its task, manages somehow to hitch its wagon to a star.

NOTES TO CHAPTER VI

[292] Chamberlain and Salisbury, Geology, Vol.  III, pp. 483-485.  New York, 1906.

[293] Ibid., p. 137 and map p. 138.

[294] Darwin, Origin of Species, Vol.  I, chap.  IV, pp. 124-132; Vol.  II, chap; XII, p. 134.  New York, 1895.  H. W. Conn, The Method of Evolution, p. 54.  London and New York, 1900.

[295] Ibid., pp. 194-197, 226-227, 239-242, 342-350.

[296] Ratzel, Der Lebensraum, eine bio-geographische Studie, p. 51.  Tubingen, 1901.

[297] D. G, Brinton, Races and Peoples, pp. 271, 293-295.  Philadelphia, 1901.

[298] A. Heilprin, Geographical Distribution of Animals, pp. 57-61.  London, 1894.

[299] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, p. 39, maps pp. 43, 78.  New York, 1899.

[300] Darwin, Origin of Species, Vol.  II, chap.  XII, pp. 130-131.  New York, 1895.

[301] Richard Semon, In the Australian Bush, p. 211.  London, 1899.

[302] J.H.W.  Stuckenburg, Sociology, Vol.  I, p. 324.  New York and London, 1903.

[303] E. G. Semple, The Influences of Geographic Environment on the Lower St. Lawrence.  Bulletin American Geographical Society, Vol.  XXXVI, pp. 464-465. 1904.

[304] B. Limedorfer, Finland’s Plight, Forum, Vol.  XXXII, pp. 85-93.

[305] Eleventh Census, Report on the Indians, p. 35.  Washington, 1894.

[306] A.B.  Wallace, Australasia, Vol.  I, p. 454.  London, 1893.

[307] W.S.  Barclay, Life in Terra del Fuego, The Nineteenth Century, Vol. 55, p. 97.  January, 1904.

[308] A.E.  Wallace, Australasia, Vol.  I, pp. 454-455.  London, 1893.

[309] Darwin, Origin of Species, Vol.  II, chap.  XIII, p. 178.  New York, 1895.

[310] Ibid., Vol.  II, chap.  XII, p. 167-168.

[311] Nesbit Bain, Finland and the Tsar, Fortnightly Review, Vol. 71, p. 735.  E. Limedorfer, Finland’s Plight, Forum, Vol. 32, pp. 85-93.

[312] Archibald Geikie, The Scenery of Scotland, pp. 398-399.  London, 1887.