[267] Dr. William Junker, Travels in Africa, 1882-1886, pp. 30, 31, 34, 37, 44, 50-54, 64, 94-95, 140, 145-148.  London, 1892.

[268] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  III, pp. 193-195.  London, 1896-1898.

[269] Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, Empire of the Tsars, Vol.  I, pp. 124-129.  Hew York, 1893.

[270] D.G.  Brinton, The American Race, p. 266.  Philadelphia, 1901.

[271] Helmolt, History of the World, Vol.  III, pp. 484, 485.  New York, 1902-06.

[272] Nordenskiold, The Voyage of the Vega, p. 291.  New York, 1882.

[273] H.M.  Stanley, Through the Dark Continent, Vol.  II, pp. 100-103, 218.  In Darkest Africa, Vol.  I, pp. 208, 261, 374-375; Vol.  II, pp. 40-44.

[274] Georg Schweinfurth, The Heart of Africa, Vol.  II, chap.  XI, 3rd edition, London.

[275] Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol.  I, pp. 411, 436, 532, 533.  Washington, 1903.

[276] Quatrefages, The Pygmies, pp. 24-51.  New York, 1895.

[277] Sir T.H.  Holdich, India, pp. 202-203, map.  London, 1905.

[278] Darwin, Origin of Species, Vol.  II, chap.  XII.  New York, 1895.

[279] Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, The Empire of the Tsars, Vol.  I, pp. 66-70, maps facing pp. 64 and 80.  New York, 1893.

[280] Eleventh Census of the United States, Report on Population, Part I, map p. 23.  Washington, 1894.

[281] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, Chapters 7, 8, 11.  New York, 1899.

[282] H.R.  Mill, International Geography, p. 910.  New York, 1902.

[283] Ibid., pp. 832, 836.

[284] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  III, pp. 175, 257.  London, 1896-1898.

[285] E.C.  Semple, American History and its Geographic Conditions, pp. 280-287.  Boston, 1903.

[286] C.E.  Akers, History of South America, 1854-1894, pp. 501-502, 556-562.  New York, 1904.

[287] E.A.  Freeman, Historical Geography of Europe, p. 14.  London, 1882.

[288] Helmolt, History of the World, Vol.  VI, pp. 125-132, map.  New York, 1902-1906.  Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 274, 297, 308, 472-473.  New York, 1899.

[289] H.J.  Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, pp. 183-191.  London, 1904.

[290] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 26, 353, 361-365.  Map.  New York, 1899.

[291] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, 214-218.  London, 1896-1898.

CHAPTER VI

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

[Sidenote:  The size of the earth.]