under water at a speed of over seventy miles an hour, and he has made important experiments in the field of aeronautics and in other arts and sciences.  The mother of Thomas Alva Edison (b. 1847), it may here be mentioned, was of Scottish parentage (Elliott).  The originator of the duplex system in the manufacture of railroad tickets was William Harrison Campbell (1846-1906), of Scottish parentage.  William Malcolm (1823-90), also of Scottish parentage, was the inventor of telescopic sights, an invention adopted by all civilized governments.  His attainments were better known and appreciated in Europe than in his own country.  Daniel McFarlan Moore, electrician and inventor, of Ulster Scot descent, was inventor of the Moore electric light.  James Peckover, born in England of Scottish and English ancestry, invented the saw for cutting stone and a machine for cutting mouldings in marble and granite.  Rear-Admiral George W. Baird (b. 1843), naval engineer, invented the distiller for making fresh water from sea water, and patented many other inventions in connection with machinery and ship ventilation.  James Bennett Forsyth (b. 1850), of Scottish parentage, took out more than fifty patents on machinery and manufacturing processes connected with rubber and fire-hose.  John Charles Barclay, telegraph manager, descendant of John Barclay who emigrated from Scotland in 1684, patented the printing telegraph “said to be the most important invention in the telegraph world since Edison introduced the quadruplex system.”  Alexander Winton, born in Grangemouth in 1860, inventor and manufacturer, successfully developed a number of improvements in steam engines for ocean going vessels, founded the Winton Motor Carriage Company in 1897, and patented a number of inventions in connection with automobile mechanism.  The works of the company at Cleveland, Ohio, now cover more than thirteen acres.  The first to expound and formulate the application of the law of conservation in illumination calculations was Addams Stratton McAllister (b. 1875), a descendant of Hugh McAllister, who emigrated from Scotland c. 1732.  He also holds several patents for alternating-current machinery, and has written largely on electrical subjects.  Richard Dudgeon (1820-99), born in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, was distinguished as a machinist, inventor of the hydraulic jack and boiler-tube expander.

SCOTS AS ENGINEERS

Thomas Hutchins (1730-1789), engineer and geographer was of Scottish origin.  He was author of some topographical works and also furnished the maps and plates of Smith’s Account of Bouquet’s expedition (Philadelphia, 1765).  James Geddes (1763-1838), of Scottish birth or parentage, was surveyor of canal routes in New York State and was chief engineer on construction of the Erie Canal (1816), and chief engineer of the Champlain Canal (1818).  “In all matters relating to the laying out, designing and construction of canals, he was looked upon as