fluoride HF.NaF.  Sodium fluoride also possesses the advantage of not attracting moisture.  After traversing the worm condenser, therefore, the fluorine is caused to pass through two platinum tubes filled with fragments of fused sodium fluoride, from which it issues in an almost perfect state of purity.  The junctions between the various parts of the apparatus are effected by means of screw joints, between the nuts and flanges of which collars of lead are compressed.  During the electrolysis these leaden collars become, where exposed to the gaseous fluorine, rapidly converted into lead fluoride, which being greater in bulk causes the joints to become hermetically sealed.  In order to effect the electrolysis, twenty-six to twenty-eight Bunsen elements are employed, arranged in series.  An ampere meter and a commutator are introduced between the battery and the electrolysis apparatus; the former affording an excellent indication of the progress of the electrolysis.

[Illustration:  FIG. 1.—­FLUORINE APPARATUS.]

As the U-tube contains far more hydrofluoric acid than can be used in one day, each lateral delivery tube is fitted with a metallic screw stopper, so that the experiments may be discontinued at any time, and the apparatus closed.  The whole electrolysis vessel is then placed under a glass bell jar containing dry air, and kept in a refrigerator until again required for use.  In this way it may be preserved full of acid for several weeks, ready at any time for the preparation of the gas.  Considerable care requires to be exercised not to admit the vapor of methyl chloride into the U-tube, as otherwise violent detonations are liable to occur.  When the liquid methyl chloride is being introduced into the cylinder, the whole apparatus becomes surrounded with an atmosphere of its vapor, and as the platinum U-tube is at the same instant suddenly cooled the vapor is liable to enter by the abducting tubes.  Consequently, as soon as the current is allowed to pass and fluorine is liberated within the U-tube, an explosion occurs.  Fluorine instantly decomposes methyl chloride, with production of flame and formation of fluorides of hydrogen and carbon, liberation of chlorine, and occasionally deposition of carbon.  In order to avoid this unpleasant occurrence, when the methyl chloride is being introduced the ends of the lateral delivery tubes are attached to long lengths of caoutchoue tubing, supplied at their ends with calcium chloride drying tubes, so as to convey dry air from outside the atmosphere of methyl chloride vapor.  If great care is taken to obtain the minimum temperature, this difficulty may be even more simply overcome by employing a mixture of well pounded ice and salt instead of methyl chloride; but there is the counterbalancing disadvantage to be considered, that such a cooling bath requires much more frequent renewal.

[Illustration:  FIG. 2.]

CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURRING DURING THE ELECTROLYSIS.