of so large a proportion of the young and energetic men of every nation, will affect all processes of thought and policy.  Some of these changes will seem favourable to conservatism, timidity, and reaction.  Everywhere, at the close of the war, military and official autocracy will be enthroned in the seats of power, and the spirit of political authority will be stoking the fires of fevered nationalism which war evokes.  But other forces will be making for bold political experiments.  Not only the fear of restive and impoverished workmen, who have recently acquired the use of arms and perhaps the taste for risks, but the havoc wrought upon industry and commerce, and above all the crushing burden of taxation, will dispose the controlling and possessing classes to seek alternatives to a return to the era of competing alliances and armaments.  Mild and conservative measures will be obviously unavailing.  During the years of exhaustion following the war, resolute leaders of public opinion will be setting themselves everywhere to frame schemes of international relations which shall yield adequate guarantees of peace.  For the first time in history great reading and thinking communities will give their chief attention to international politics.  They will recognize the urgency of the work of building the society of nations upon a basis of genuinely representative government.  Behind this reasonable process of constructive thinking, carried on in every country by politically convinced individuals and groups, will be the powerful support of the unthinking, suffering masses, motived by no clear conception of causes or remedies, but by that collective instinct of self-preservation which impels the herd to avoid destruction and to follow leaders who point the way to safety.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

The International Crisis in its Ethical and Psychological Aspects.  Humphrey Milford.

G. Lowes Dickinson, After the War.  Fifield.

C.E.  Hooper, The Wider Outlook beyond the World-War.  Watts & Co.

F.N.  Keen, The World in Alliance.  Southwood.

Norman Angell, Prussianism and its Destruction.  Heinemann.

Allison Phillips, The Confederation of Europe.  Longmans.

The New Statesman.  Special Supplement.  Suggestions for the Prevention of War.

J.A.  Hobson, Towards International Government.  Allen & Unwin.

XIII

RELIGION AS A UNIFYING INFLUENCE IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION