brief which characterized the law as unfair and intentionally discriminating and in violation of the treaty of Commerce and Navigation entered into in 1911.  While anti-Japanese demonstrations were taking place in Washington, there was a corresponding outbreak of anti-American feeling in the streets of Tokyo.  On February 2, 1914, during the debate on a new immigration bill, an amendment was proposed in the House of Representatives, at the instigation of members from the Pacific coast, excluding all Asiatics, except such as had their entry right established by treaty.  But this drastic proposal was defeated by a decisive vote.

The oriental question in America is further complicated by the fact that since 1905 some five thousand East Indians have come to the United States.  Of these the majority are Hindoos, the remainder being chiefly Afghans.  How these people who have lived under British rule will adapt themselves to American life and institutions remains to be seen.

FOOTNOTES: 

[Footnote 45:  Chinese Immigration, p. 402.]

[Footnote 46:  Chinese Immigration, p. 265.]

[Footnote 47:  So intense was the feeling in the West that at this time a letter purporting to have been written by James A. Garfield, the Republican candidate, favoring unrestricted immigration, was published on the eve of the Presidential election (1880).  Though the letter was shown to be a forgery, yet it was not without influence.  In California Garfield received only one of the six electoral votes; and in Nevada he received none.  In Denver, where only four hundred Chinese lived, race riots occurred which cost one Chinaman his life and destroyed Chinese property to the amount of $50,000.]

[Footnote 48:  Wong Wing vs.  U.S., 163 U.S. 235.]

[Footnote 49:  The Alien Land Act of May 19, 1913, confers upon all aliens eligible to citizenship the same rights as citizens in the owning and leasing of real property; but in the case of other aliens (i.e. Asiatics) it limits leases of land for agricultural purposes to terms not exceeding three years and permits ownership “to the extent and for the purposes prescribed by any treaty.”]

CHAPTER X

RACIAL INFILTRATION

With the free land gone and the cities crowded to overflowing, the door of immigration, though guarded, nevertheless remains open and the pressure of the old-world peoples continues.  Where can they go?  They are filling in the vacant spots of the older States, the abandoned farms, stagnant half-empty villages, undrained swamps, uninviting rocky hillsides.  This infiltration of foreigners possessing themselves of rejected and abandoned land, which has only recently begun, shows that the peasant’s instinct for the soil will reassert itself when the means are available and the way opens.  It is surprising, indeed, how