* * * * *

But my fancy does not run at all in this direction.  I am convinced that we have already far too many societies for the furtherance of our ends.  To my mind, most societies with a moral aim are merely clumsy machines for doing simple jobs with the maximum of friction, expense and inefficiency.  I should define the majority of these societies as a group of persons each of whom expects the others to do something very wonderful.  Why create a society in order to help you to perform some act which nobody can perform but yourself?  No society can cultivate goodwill in you.  You might as well create a society for shaving or for saying your prayers.  And further, goodwill is far less a process of performing acts than a process of thinking thoughts.  To think, is it necessary to involve yourself in the cog-wheels of a society?  Moreover, a society means fuss and shouting:  two species of disturbance which are both futile and deleterious, particularly in an intimate affair of morals.

You can best help the general cultivation of goodwill along by cultivating goodwill in your own heart.  Until you have started the task of personal cultivation, you will probably assume that there will be time left over for superintending the cultivation of goodwill in other people’s hearts.  But a very little experience ought to show you that this is a delusion.  You will perceive, if not at once, later, that you have bitten off just about as much as you can chew.  And you will appreciate also the wisdom of not advertising your enterprise.  Why, indeed, should you breathe a word to a single soul concerning your admirable intentions?  Rest assured that any unusual sprouting of the desired crop will be instantly noticed by the persons interested.

* * * * *

The next point is:  Towards whom are you to cultivate goodwill?  Naturally, one would answer:  Towards the whole of humanity.  But the whole of humanity, as far as you are concerned, amounts to naught but a magnificent abstract conception.  And it is very difficult to cultivate goodwill towards a magnificent abstract conception.  The object of goodwill ought to be clearly defined, and very visible to the physical eye, especially in the case of people, such as us, who are only just beginning to give to the cultivation of goodwill, perhaps, as much attention as we give to our clothes or our tobacco.  If a novice sets out to embrace the whole of humanity in his goodwill, he will have even less success than a young man endeavouring to fall in love with four sisters at once; and his daily companions—­those who see him eat his bacon and lace his boots and earn his living—­will most certainly have a rough time of it. * * * No!  It will be best for you to centre your efforts on quite a small group of persons, and let the rest of humanity struggle on as well as it can, with no more of your goodwill than it has hitherto had.