[Footnote 13:  From Kandahar in Afghanistan to a point a little west of Lahore.  In the former district, according to the Avesta, the dead are buried (an early Indian custom, not Iranian).]

[Footnote 14:  Geiger identifies the Vita[=g]uhaiti or Vitanghvati with the Oxus, but this is improbable.  It lies in the extreme east and forms the boundary between the true believers and the ‘demon-worshippers’ (Yasht, 5, 77; Geiger, loc. cit. p. 131, note 5).  The Persian name is the same with Vitast[=a], which is located in the Punj[=a]b.]

[Footnote 15:  On the Kurus compare Zimmer (loc. cit.), who thinks Kashmeer is meant, and Geiger, loc. cit. p. 39.  Other geographical reminiscences may lie in Vedic and Brahmanic allusions to Bactria, Balkh (AV.); to the Derbiker (around Meru?  RV.), and to Manu’s mountain, whence he descended after the flood (Naubandhana):  Catapatha Br[=a]hmana, I. 8. 1, 6, ’Manu’s descent’.]

     [Footnote 16:  Arch.  Survey, xiv. p. 89; Thomas, loc. cit.
     p. 363.]

     [Footnote 17:  RV. x. 136. 5.]

     [Footnote 18:  RV. iii. 33. 2.]

     [Footnote 19:  RV. vii. 95. 2.  Here the Sarasvat[=i] can be
     only the Indus.]

[Footnote 20:  Pa[=n]ca-nada, Punjnud, Persian ‘Punj[=a]b,’ the five streams, Vitas[=a], Asikn[=i], Ir[=a]vat[=i], Vip[=a]c, Cutudr[=i].  The Punjnud point is slowly moving up stream; Vyse, JRAS. x. 323.  The Sarayu may be the Her[=i]r[=u]d, Geiger, loc. cit. p. 72.]

[Footnote 21:  Muir, OST. ii. 351; Zimmer, loc. cit. p. 51 identifies the K[=i]katas of RV. iii. 53. 14 with the inhabitants of Northern Beh[=a]r.  Marusthala is called simply ‘the desert.’]

[Footnote 22:  The earlier ayas, Latin aes, means bronze not iron, as Zimmer has shown, loc. cit. p. 51.  Pischel, Vedische Studien, I, shows that elephants are mentioned more often than was supposed (but rarely in family-books).]

     [Footnote 23:  Weber, Indische Studien, I. p. 228;
     Oldenberg, Buddha, pp. 399 ff., 410.]

[Footnote 24:  Very lately (1893) Franke has sought to show that the P[=a]li dialect of India is in part referable to the western districts (Kandahar), and has made out an interesting case for his novel theory (ZDMG. xlvii. p. 595).]

* * * * *

CHAPTER III.

THE RIG VEDA.  THE UPPER GODS.