claims of the officers and seamen.  I further beg your Excellency will be pleased to intimate to the Junta, that I cannot abstain from taking whatever measures may be necessary to prevent the violation of the laws and regulations of the military service—­the infraction of the express engagement of His Imperial Majesty—­and the consequent disorganization of the squadron, so essential for the maintenance of tranquillity, and the preservation of the independence of the Empire.

   (Signed) COCHRANE AND MARANHAO.

   20th Jan. 1825.

CHAPTER XI.

IMPERIAL APPROVAL—­CONTINUED ENMITY OF THE ADMINISTRATION—­JUNTA REFUSES TO PAY THE SQUADRON’S CLAIM—­I PERSEVERE IN THE DEMAND—­JUNTA AGREES TO PAY THE AMOUNT IN BILLS—­THIS REFUSED—­ARRIVAL OF A NEW PRESIDENT—­BUT WITHOUT AUTHORITY FOR THE ASSUMPTION—­INTRIGUES TO ESTABLISH HIM IN OFFICE—­I ORDER HIM TO QUIT THE PROVINCE—­AND SEND HIM TO PARA—­LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT OF CEARA—­INTERNATIONAL ANIMOSITIES—­THE SQUADRON LEFT TO PROVIDE FOR ITSELF—­ABUSE OF AUTHORITY—­EXPLANATIONS TO MINISTER OF MARINE—­OF TRANSACTIONS AT MARANHAM—­LETTER TO CARVALHO E MELLO—­ANTICIPATING MINISTERIAL DISPLEASURE—­THE JUNTA REIMBURSES PART OF ITS DEBT.

On the 16th of January I had at length the satisfaction to receive, through the Minister of Marine, the Emperor’s approval of the course pursued in the pacification of the Northern provinces, and his confirmation of the changes that had been made in their administration.  Still not a word of instruction was vouchsafed for my future guidance.

The subjoined is the letter conveying His Imperial Majesty’s approval of my acts and judgment:—­

His Imperial Majesty commands the Secretary of State of the Marine to apprise the First Admiral, Commander-in-Chief of the naval forces of this Empire, that His Majesty received his despatches by the schooner Maria de Gloria, by which His Majesty was informed of his proceedings, and approves of his determination to proceed to the Northern provinces, where the fire of rebellion has been lighted, with a view to establish therein the order and obedience due to the said august sovereign, a duty which he has so wisely and judiciously undertaken, and in which course he must continue, notwithstanding the previous instructions sent to him, bearing date the 4th of October last, which instructions are hereby annulled until he shall attain the highly important objects proposed in the before-mentioned provinces, viz., till they submit themselves to the authorities lately appointed, and enjoy the benefits of the paternal Government of His Imperial Majesty.

   Palace of Rio Janeiro, Dec. 2, 1824.

   (Signed) FRANCISCA VILLELA BARBOSA.

To this letter—­annulling my recall after the fall of Pernambuco—­I returned the following reply:—­

   No. 289.