The men lay or sat in them—­it was impossible to stand.  Some of them were like tiny houses into which the men crawled from the rear, and by placing a board, which served as a door, managed to keep out at least a part of the bitter wind.

In the first trench I was presented to a bearded major.  He was lying flat and apologised for not being able to rise.  There was a machine gun beside him.  He told me with some pride that it was an American gun, and that it never jammed.  When a machine gun jams the man in charge of it dies and his comrades die, and things happen with great rapidity.  On the other side of him was a cat, curled up and sound asleep.  There was a telephone instrument there.  It was necessary to step over the wire that was stretched along the ground.

All night long he lies there with his gun, watching for the first movement in the trenches across.  For here, at the House of the Barrier, has taken place some of the most furious fighting of this part of the line.

In the next division of the trench were three men.  They were cleaning and oiling their rifles round a candle.

The surprise of all of these men at seeing a woman was almost absurd.  Word went down the trenches that a woman was visiting.  Heads popped out and cautious comments were made.  It was concluded that I was visiting royalty, but the excitement died when it was discovered that I was not the Queen.  Now and then, when a trench looked clean and dry, I was invited in.  It was necessary to get down and crawl in on hands and knees.

Here was a man warming his hands over a tiny fire kindled in a tin pail.  He had bored holes in the bottom of the pail for air, and was shielding the glow carefully with his overcoat.

Many people have written about the trenches—­the mud, the odours, the inhumanity of compelling men to live under such foul conditions.  Nothing that they have said can be too strong.  Under the best conditions the life is ghastly, horrible, impossible.

That night, when from a semi-shielded position I could look across to the German line, the contrast between the condition of the men in the trenches and the beauty of the scenery was appalling.  In each direction, as far as one could see, lay a gleaming lagoon of water.  The moon made a silver path across it, and here and there on its borders were broken and twisted winter trees.

“It is beautiful,” said Captain F——­, beside me, in a low voice.  “But it is full of the dead.  They are taken out whenever it is possible; but it is not often possible.”

“And when there is an attack the attacking side must go through the water?”

“Not always, but in many places.”

“What will happen if it freezes over?”

He explained that it was salt water, and would not freeze easily.  And the cold of that part of the country is not the cold of America in the same latitude.  It is not a cold of low temperature; it is a damp, penetrating cold that goes through garments of every weight and seems to chill the very blood in a man’s body.