Specialization,
  contempt for, in Middle West of pioneer days, 63-65;
  necessity for, resulting from industrial development, 102-103;
  of the American business man, 105 ff., 117;
  of the politician, 117 ff.;
  labor unions a decisive instance of, 126 ff.;
  among lawyers, 134-135;
  regarded as a revolt from the national democratic tradition, 138-139;
  perils of, to American social organization, 139;
  part to be played in individual emancipation by, 427-441.

Spoils system,
  causes of introduction of, 57, 59-60;
  effect of, opposite of that intended, 60-61;
  civil service reform and the, 143.

“Square deal,” Roosevelt’s, 20, 151, 172.

Standard of living,
  a constantly higher, for wage-earners, 206;
  labor unions an effective machinery for raising, 387.

Standard Oil Company,
  attempted regulation of, by various states, 355.

Standards,
  in scientific work and in liberal or practical arts, 434-435;
  acquirement of authentic, 435-436;
  of technical excellence, 436-437;
  only way of improving popular, for men of higher standards, 443-444.

State,
  development of the national, 215 ff.;
  increasing political efficiency of, shown to be proportioned to
      responsible exercise of powers, 217-220.

State governments,
  reorganization of, in democratic spirit, after Revolutionary War, 31;
  lack of success of American, 317;
  failure of criminal and civil courts, 318;
  chaotic condition of tax systems and educational systems, 318-319;
  incompetent and frequently dishonest financial and economic
      legislation, 319;
  fault lies partly in existing standards of morality, but in part
      also is result of unwise organization, 319;
  demand for reorganization of, 319-320;
  movement in favor of initiative and referendum in, 320, 327-328;
  wrong diagnosis of causes of legislative corruption and incompetence,
      320-321;
  reasons for failure of, 321 ff.;
  disadvantages of system of checks and balances in, 323-324;
  failure of, to be imputed chiefly to lack of a centralized responsible
      organization, 324;
  improvement in legislatures necessary, 326-329;
  plan suggested for improvement of, 328-331;
  administrative reform in, 333 ff.;
  maintenance of order by, 344;
  reorganization of criminal laws by, 344-345;
  improvement of prisons and insane asylums by, 345;
  possible activities of, in relation to labor, educational questions,
      etc., 346;
  method of attaining their maximum usefulness, 347;
  relation of, to cities, 347-349;
  questions such as regulation of commerce, control of corporations,
      distribution of wealth, and prevention of poverty outside of field
      of activities of, 350;
  domination of railroads in, 352-353;
  interference of, with railroad, insurance, and other corporations,
      353-355.