16. What causes these changes?
  Mostly national invasion.

  17. What is assimilation of Consonants?
  When an aspirate and subvocal comes together, it is necessary
          to change the sound of one or the other, to make the
          combination pronounceable.

  18. What is meant by an Element of Speech?
  An indivisible portion of language.

  19. What is a Sonant sound?
  One uttered with intonated or resonant breath.

  20. In changing the word traffic to trafficked, why supply the
          letter k?
  To preserve the proper sound of c.

  21. Under what condition is a consonant never doubled at the end
          of a word?
  When immediately following a diphthong.—­Webster.

  22. When is C followed by K in spelling?
  Words ending with the sound of k, and in which c follows the vowel.

  23. Give some examples.
  Back, black, fleck, etc.

  24. Are there any exceptions?
  There are, as sac, arc, etc.

  25. Why is the word Humbugged spelt with two g’s?
  To prevent sounding the g like j.

  26. Give some words spelled differently in the U.S. and in
          England.
  Woolen—­woollen, honor—­honour, etc.

  27. When do words, ending in double e, drop one e on taking an
          additional syllable?
  When the suffix begins with e.

  28. Why?
  To prevent three e’s coming together.

  29. Does pluralizing a word ever change the accent?
  Sometimes it does.

  30. Give an example.
  An’tipode—­Antip’odes.

  31. In such words as Defense, which is correct, se or ce for the
          termination?
   Se, because the s belongs to the words from which they are
          derived.—­Webster.

  32. Should words of English origin end in ise or ize?
  Ize; same as those from the Greek.

  33. Are there any exceptions to these rules?
  There are; as advertise, from English, etc.

  34. Are the words ox, calf, sheep, and pig of French or Saxon
          origin?
  Saxon.

  35. From what language do the words beef, veal, mutton, and pork
          come?
  The Norman-French.

  36. What is a Lexicon?
  A Dictionary.

  37. What is an irregular sound?
  Sound of a Redundant letter.

  38. How are words divided as regards Specie?
  Primitive and Derivative.

  39. How may the meaning of a word be changed?
  By accent; as Aug’ust, August’.

  40. What is an irregular derivative?
  One in which the letters of the root are changed in forming the
          derivative.