1.  Rammohan Roy, a great opponent of Suttee and Idolatry, who also dared to make the voyage to England.  He died at Bristol in 1833.

2.  Iswar Chunder Vidyasagar, a great upholder of the right of widows to remarry and an advocate of education, both elementary and higher.  He died at Calcutta in 1891.

3.  K.M.  Banerjea, D.L., C.I.E., an opponent of the caste system, the greatest scholar among Indian Christians.  He died at Calcutta in 1885.

4.  Keshub Chunder Sen, religious reformer, an advocate of a higher marriage age for girls.  He died at Calcutta in 1884.

5.  Mr. Behramji Malabari, an advocate of a higher marriage age for girls—­of the Bombay side of India.

6.  The late Mr. Justice M.G.  Ranade, a social reformer of Bombay.

7.  The late Mr. Justice K.T.  Telang, C.I.E., an opponent of child marriages and a social reformer of Bombay.

8.  The late Raja Sir T. Madhava Rao, K.C.S.I., a social reformer, of the Madras Presidency—­died in 1891.

Pandita Ramabhai, it may be noted, had entered upon her career as a champion of female education before she began the study of English.

[Sidenote:  Sanguine estimate of progress.]

In striking contrast with all these in this respect are the men who represent the extreme conservative or reactionary spirit, who as a rule are as ignorant of English as the great reformers are the reverse.  We may cite, in illustration: 

1.  Dyanand Saraswati, founder of the new sect of [=A]ryas in the United Provinces and Punjab.  Their chief doctrine, the infallibility of the Vedas or earliest Hindu scriptures, is reactionary, although a number of reforms are inculcated in the name of a return to the Vedas.

2.  The late Ramkrishna Paramhansa, a famous Bengali ascetic of high spiritual tone, but of the old type.

3.  The gentleman already referred to, who as University lecturer on Hindu Philosophy in Calcutta insisted that none but Hindus be admitted to the exposition of the sacred texts, shutting out the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, and many Fellows of the University.

4.  Sanscrit pundits, very conservative as a class, and generally unfamiliar with English.

New Hinduism in contact with the modern educational influences was most interestingly manifest in the person of Swami Vivekananda (Reverend Rational-bliss we may render his adopted name), representative of Hinduism at the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893.  The representative Hindu was not even a member of the priestly caste, as we have already told.  It were tedious to analyse his Hinduism, as set forth at Chicago and elsewhere, into what was Christianity or modern thought, and what, on the other hand, was Hinduism.  Suffice it to say that as Narendra Nath Dutt, B.A., he figures on the roll of graduates of the Church of Scotland’s College in Calcutta.  While a student there, he sat at