(3) In apposition.

     She sate all last summer by the bedside of the blind beggar,
     him that so often and so gladly I talked with.—­DE QUINCEY.

SPECIAL USES OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

[Sidenote:  Indefinite use of you and your.]

91.  The word you, and its possessive case yours are sometimes used without reference to a particular person spoken to.  They approach the indefinite pronoun in use.

     Your mere puny stripling, that winced at the least flourish of
     the rod, was passed by with indulgence.—­IRVING

     To empty here, you must condense there.—­EMERSON.

The peasants take off their hats as you pass; you sneeze, and they cry, “God bless you!” The thrifty housewife shows you into her best chamber. You have oaten cakes baked some months before.—­LONGFELLOW

[Sidenote:  Uses of it.]

92.  The pronoun it has a number of uses:—­

(1) To refer to some single word preceding; as,—­

     Ferdinand ordered the army to recommence its march.—­BULWER.

     Society, in this century, has not made its progress, like
     Chinese skill, by a greater acuteness of ingenuity in
     trifles.—­D.  WEBSTER.

(2) To refer to a preceding word group; thus,—­

     If any man should do wrong merely out of ill nature, why, yet
     it is but like the thorn or brier, which prick and scratch
     because they can do no other.—­BACON.

Here it refers back to the whole sentence before it, or to the idea, “any man’s doing wrong merely out of ill nature.”

(3) As a grammatical subject, to stand for the real, logical subject, which follows the verb; as in the sentences,—­

     It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion. 
     —­EMERSON.

     It is this haziness of intellectual vision which is the
     malady of all classes of men by nature.—­NEWMAN.

     It is a pity that he has so much learning, or that he has not
     a great deal more.—­ADDISON.

(4) As an impersonal subject in certain expressions which need no other subject; as,—­

     It is finger-cold, and prudent farmers get in their barreled
     apples.—­THOREAU.

     And when I awoke, it rained.—­COLERIDGE.

     For when it dawned, they dropped their arms.—­Id.

     It was late and after midnight.—­DE QUINCEY.

(5) As an impersonal or indefinite object of a verb or a preposition; as in the following sentences:—­

     (a) Michael Paw, who lorded it over the fair regions of
     ancient Pavonia.—­IRVING.