(2) Subordinate conjunction:  (a) Result, equivalent to that ... not.

     Nor is Nature so hard but she gives me this joy several
     times.—­EMERSON.

(b) Substantive, meaning otherwise ... than.

     Who knows but, like the dog, it will at length be no longer
     traceable to its wild original—­THOREAU.

(3) Preposition, meaning except.

     Now there was nothing to be seen but fires in every
     direction.—­LAMB.

(4) Relative pronoun, after a negative, stands for that ... not, or who ... not.

     There is not a man in them but is impelled withal, at all
     moments, towards order.—­CARLYLE.

(5) Adverb, meaning only.

     The whole twenty years had been to him but as one
     night.—­IRVING.

     To lead but one measure.—­SCOTT.

AS.

332. (1) Subordinate conjunction:  (a) Of time.

Rip beheld a precise counterpart of himself as he went up the
mountain.—­IRVING.

(b) Of manner.

As orphans yearn on to their mothers,
He yearned to our patriot bands.—­MRS BROWNING.

(c) Of degree.

                  His wan eyes
     Gaze on the empty scene as vacantly
     As ocean’s moon looks on the moon in heaven. 
     —­SHELLEY.

(d) Of reason.

I shall see but little of it, as I could neither bear walking
nor riding in a carriage.—­FRANKLIN.

(e) Introducing an appositive word.

     Reverenced as one of the patriarchs of the village.—­IRVING.

     Doing duty as a guard.—­HAWTHORNE.

(2) Relative pronoun, after such, sometimes same.

     And was there such a resemblance as the crowd had
     testified?—­HAWTHORNE.

LIKE.

[Sidenote:  Modifier of a noun or pronoun.]

333. (1) An adjective.

     The aforesaid general had been exceedingly like the majestic
     image.—­HAWTHORNE.

     They look, indeed, liker a lion’s mane than a Christian man’s
     locks.-SCOTT.

     No Emperor, this, like him awhile ago.—­ALDRICH.

     There is no statue like this living man.—­EMERSON.

     That face, like summer ocean’s.—­HALLECK.

In each case, like clearly modifies a noun or pronoun, and is followed by a dative-objective.

[Sidenote:  Introduces a clause, but its verb is omitted.]

(2) A subordinate conjunction of manner.  This follows a verb or a verbal, but the verb of the clause introduced by like is regularly omitted.  Note the difference between these two uses.  In Old English gelic (like) was followed by the dative, and was clearly an adjective.  In this second use, like introduces a shortened clause modifying a verb or a verbal, as shown in the following sentences:—­