CHAPTER XII

SIGNATURE EXPERTS THE SAFETY OF THE MODERN BANK

A New Departure in Banks—­Examining All Signatures a Sure Preventive Against Forgery—­The “Filling in” Process—­How One Forger Operated—­Marvelous Accuracy of a Paying Teller—­How He Attained Perfection—­How Signature Clerks Work—­A Common Dodge of Forgers—­Post Dated Checks—­A System That Prevents Forged and Raised Checks—­Not a Forged or Raised Check Paid in Years

CHAPTER XIII

HOW TO DETERMINE AGE OF ANY WRITING

The Different Kinds of Ink Met With—­Inks That Darken by Exposure to Sunlight and Air—­Introduction of Aniline Colors to Determine the Age of Writings—­An Almost Infallible Rule to Follow—­Determining Age of Writing By Ink Used—­The Ammonia System a Sure One—­A Question of Great Interest to Bankers and Bank Employes—­Thick and Thin Inks—­So-Called Safety Inks That Are Not Safe—­How to Restore Faded Inks—­An Infallible Rule—­Restoring Faded Writing—­Restored By the Silk and Cotton System That Anyone Can Arrange—­Danger of Exposing Restored Writing to the Sun

CHAPTER XIV

DETECTING FRAUD AND FORGERY IN PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS

Infallible Rules for the Detection of Same—­New Methods of
Research—­Changing Wills and Books of Accounts—­Judgment of the
Naked Eye—­Using a Microscope or Magnifying Glass—­Changeable
Effects of Ink—­How to Detect the Use of Different Inks—­Sized
Papers Not Easily Altered—­Inks That Produce Chemical Effects—­Inks
That Destroy Fiber of Paper—­How to Test Tampered or Altered
Documents—­Treating Papers Suspected of Forgery—­Using Water to
Detect Fraud—­Discovering Scratched Paper—­Means Forgers Use to
Mask Fraudulent Operations—­How to Prepare and Handle Test
Papers—­Detecting Paper That Has Been Washed—­Various Other
Valuable Tests to Determine Forgery—­A Simple Operation That
Anyone Can Apply—­Iodine Used on Papers and Documents—­An Alcohol
Test That Is Certain—­Bringing Out Telltale Spots—­Double
Advantage of Certain Tests—­Reappearance of Former Letters or
Figures—­What Genuine Writing Reveals—­When an Entire Paper or
Document is Forged

CHAPTER XV

GUIDED HANDWRITING AND METHOD USED

The Most Frequent and Dangerous Method of Forgery—­How to Detect a Guided Signature—­What Guided Handwriting Is and How It Is Done—­Character of Such Writing—­Writing by a Guided Hand—­Difficulty in Writing—­Force Exercised by Joint Hands—­A Hand More or Less Passive—­Work of the Controlling Hand—­How Guided Writing Appears—­Two Writers Acting in Opposition—­Distorted Writing—­How a Legitimate Guided Hand is Directed and Supported—­Pen Motion Necessary to Produce Same—­Influence in Guiding a Stronger Hand—­Avoiding an Unnatural and Cramped Position—­Effect of the Brain on Guided Hand—­Separating Characteristics from Guided Joint Signature—­Detecting Writing by a System of Measurement