Determination of the Party to Proceed on Foot.—­Dreary Deserts Between Snake River and the Columbia.—­Distribution of Effects Preparatory to a March—­Division of the Party.—­ Rugged March Along the River.—­Wild and Broken Scenery.—­ Shoshonies.—­Alarm of a Snake Encampment—­Intercourse with the Snakes.—­Horse Dealing.—­Value of a Tin Kettle.—­ Sufferings From Thirst—­A Horse Reclaimed.—­Fortitude of an Indian Woman.—­Scarcity of Food.—­Dog’s Flesh a Dainty.—­News of Mr. Crooks and His Party.—­Painful Travelling Among the Mountains.—­Snow Storms.—­A Dreary Mountain Prospect.—­A Bivouac During a Wintry Night.—­Return to the River Bank.

The resolution of Mr. Hunt and his companions was now taken to set out immediately on foot.  As to the other detachments that had in a manner gone forth to seek their fortunes, there was little chance of their return; they would probably make their own way through the wilderness.  At any rate, to linger in the vague hope of relief from them would be to run the risk of perishing with hunger.  Besides, the winter was rapidly advancing, and they had a long journey to make through an unknown country, where all kinds of perils might await them.  They were yet, in fact, a thousand miles from Astoria, but the distance was unknown to them at the time:  everything before and around them was vague and conjectural, and wore an aspect calculated to inspire despondency.

In abandoning the river, they would have to launch forth upon vast trackless plains destitute of all means of subsistence, where they might perish of hunger and thirst.  A dreary desert of sand and gravel extends from Snake River almost to the Columbia.  Here and there is a thin and scanty herbage, insufficient for the pasturage of horse or buffalo.  Indeed, these treeless wastes between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific are even more desolate and barren than the naked, upper prairies on the Atlantic side; they present vast desert tracts that must ever defy cultivation, and interpose dreary and thirsty wilds between the habitations of man, in traversing which the wanderer will often be in danger of perishing.

Seeing the hopeless character of these wastes, Mr. Hunt and his companions determined to keep along the course of the river, where they would always have water at hand, and would be able occasionally to procure fish and beaver, and might perchance meet with Indians, from whom they could obtain provisions.

They now made their final preparations for the march.  All their remaining stock of provisions consisted of forty pounds of Indian corn, twenty pounds of grease, about five pounds of portable soup, and a sufficient quantity of dried meat to allow each man a pittance of five pounds and a quarter, to be reserved for emergencies.  This being properly distributed, they deposited all their goods and superfluous articles in the caches, taking nothing with them but what was indispensable to the journey.  With all their management, each man had to carry twenty pounds’ weight besides his own articles and equipments.