Stone implements:  as in Greece, including obsidian of very clear texture, probably of inner Asiatic, not Aegean production.  Bone needles and other implements.

Pottery.  Four varieties have been observed:  (1) buff ground with simple linear decoration applied direct on the gritty body-clay in lustreless pigments, black, chocolate-brown, or red, according to the firing; (2) greenish-buff face, hand-polished, with polychrome varnish decoration of vandykes and other geometric motives; (3) monochrome, black to grey, not burnished, but sometimes decorated with incised linear patterns; (4) plain red or buff (e.g. large urns in which Neolithic burials were found on the Carchemish citadel).  All pottery hand-made.

Figurines:  rude clay and stone figurines are likely to occur, but have as yet been found very rarely in Neolithic strata.

Copper implements: 
traces observed at Carchemish:  to be looked for.

II.  Bronze Age (Early Hittite).

(a) Early period to about 1500 B.C.  Cist-graves made of rough stone slabs, near crude brick houses.  Conjunction of such slabs with bricks would be an indication of an early Bronze Age site.  Rare pot-burials survive.

Implements.  Spear-heads of long tapering form rounded sharply at the base which has long tang (IX, Fig. 5):  poker-like butts (IX, Fig. 2):  knives with curved tangs:  ‘toggle’ pins:  all bronze (but a silver toggle-pin has been found) (IX, Figs. 1,8).

Pottery.  All wheel-made but rough:  light red or buff faced of reddish clay:  decoration rare and only in simple zigzags or waves in reddish-brown pigment:  long-stemmed vases of ‘champagne-glass’ form are common (VIII, Fig. 4):  rarely a creamy slip is applied to the red clay.

(b) Later period.  Cist-graves apart from houses, in cemeteries.

Implements.  Long narrow celts often riveted:  spear-heads, leaf-shaped or triangular (IX, Figs. 3, 6, 10):  axe-heads with socket, swelling blade and curved cutting edge:  pins both ‘toggle’ and unpierced, straight and bent over.

Pottery.  Wheel-made, well potted, and commonly ring-burnished, the process beginning at the base of a vase and climbing spirally:  little painted decoration:  face usually dusky brown over pinkish body clay, but red and yellow-white faced wares also found:  shapes, mostly bowls, open and half closed:  ring feet, but no handles to vases:  only occasionally lug-ears (IX, Figs. 1,2,3,5,6).  Rims well turned over belong to the latest period, in which elaborate ring-burnishing is common.

Beads, &c.  Diamond-shaped, with incised decoration, in clay or stone, common.  Pendants, &c., of shell, lapis lazuli, cornelian, crystal.  Cylinders, of rude design like Babylonian First Dynasty, in stone and bone.  Spindle-whorls in steatite and clay.

[Illustration VIII:  Syrian pottery]