He cannot abide that any one should have precious stones of value without offering them to him for sale, and it is death for any one to possess such without immediately giving him the refusal.  A Banyan, named Herranand, who was his jeweller, had bought a diamond of three meticals weight, for which he paid 100,000 rupees, yet had not done it so covertly but news of it was brought to the king; and some friend of Herrenand presently acquainted him that it had come to the king’s knowledge.  Upon this the jeweller waited on the king, saying that his majesty had often promised to come to his house, and that now was the proper time, as he had a fine present to make him, having bought a diamond of great weight.  The king smiled, and said, “Thy luck has been good.”  By these and such means the king has engrossed all the finest diamonds, as no one dare purchase one from five carats upwards without his leave.  All the lands of the whole monarchy belong to the king, who giveth and taketh at his pleasure.  If any one, for instance, has lands at Lahore, and is sent to the wars in the Deccan, his lands at Lahore are given to another, and he receives new lands in or near the Deccan.  Those lands which are let pay to the king two-thirds of the produce; and those which are given away in fee pay him one-third.  The poor riots, or husbandmen who cultivate the land, are very hardly dealt by, and complain much of injustice, but little is given them.  At his first coming to the throne he was more severe than now, so that the country is now so full of outlaws and thieves, that one can hardly stir out of doors in any part of his dominions without a guard, as almost the whole people are in rebellion.

There is one great Ragane[206] between Agra and Ahmedabad, who commands an extent of country equal to a good kingdom, maintaining 20,000 horse and 50,000 foot; and as his country is strong and mountainous, all the force of the king has never been able to reduce him.  There are many of those rebels all through his dominions, but this is one of the greatest.  Many have risen in Candahar, Cabul, Mooltan, Sindy, and the kingdom of Boloch.[207] Bengal, Guzerat, and the Deccan are likewise full of rebels, so that no one can travel in safety for outlaws; all occasioned by the barbarity of the government, and the cruel exactions made upon the husbandmen, which drive them to rebellion.

[Footnote 206:  Hawkins calls rebels, as the Moguls did, all those that refused subjection; though some of them were perhaps originally independent kings, as this Ragane or Ranna, supposed to have been the true successor of Porus, who was conquered by Alexander.  He is now reduced, or rather, as they say, peaceably induced to acknowledge the Mogul, and to pay tribute.—­Purch.]

[Footnote 207:  Probably meaning the Ballogees, a people on the south-side of the Wulli mountains, bordering to the southward on Candahar.—­E.]