visits Gaul, 119;
  his saying on fasting, 121. 
Atonement, for sin, the monk’s influence on doctrine of, 417. 
Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, his life, and services to monasticism,
     117, 119;
  influenced by biography of Anthony, 43;
  on marriage and celibacy, 112;
  charges monks with fraud, 128. 
Augustine, Rule of, adopted by Dominic, 232, 241. 
Augustine, the monk, his mission to England, 161. 
Augustinians, 246. 
Aurelius, Emperor, Christianity during reign of, 124. 
Austerities, Robertson on, 94.
  See Asceticism and Self-denial
Austin Canons, 118.

B

Bacon, Roger, a Franciscan, 228;
  imprisonment of, 407. 
Bagot, Richard, on the English reformation, 345. 
Bale, John, on the fall of the monasteries, 333. 
Baluzii, on the prosperity of the Franciscans, 255. 
Bangor, Monastery of, founded, 123;
  slaughter of its monks, 165. 
Barbarians, the struggle of the monks with, 148, 149, 170;
  conversion of, 398. 
Basil the Great, 63;
  revolts against excessive austerities, 64;
  founder of Greek monasticism, 64, 65;
  his rules, 65;
  adopts irrevocable vows, 65;
  on marriage, 66;
  enforces strict obedience, 66. 
Bede, The Venerable, on the British
  Church, 123; on monks and
  animals, 156. 
Begging Friars, see Mendicants,
  Franciscans and Dominicans. 
Benedict, Pope, XI., 221; XII.,
  consecrates Monte Cassino,
  135; on the stigmata of St.
  Francis, 221. 
Benedict of Aniane, his attempted
  reform, 176. 
Benedict, of Nursia, birth and
  early life, 131; his trials, 132;
  his fame attracts followers, 133;
  his strictness provokes opposition,
  133; retires to Monte Cassino,
  134; conquers Paganism,
  135; his miracles and power
  over barbarians, 137; his last
  days, 13 8; his rules, 138; Schaff
  on same, 148; Cardinal Newman
  on mission of, 149; saying
  of, on manual labor, 403. 
Benedict, Order of St., 131; rules
  of, 138; the novitiate, 140;
  daily life of monks, 140; meaning
  of term “order,” 143;
  abbots of, 144; manual labor,
  147, 403; Schaff on rules of,
  148; its dealings with barbarians,
  148, 398; its literary and
  educational services, 151; its
  agricultural work, 155, 404;
  spread of, 158; its followers
  among the royalty, 159. 
Bernard, of Clairvaux, his birth
  and monastic services, 193;
  character of his monastery,
  192; on drugs and doctors,
  194; his reforms, 195; Vaughan
  on, 195; Storrs on, 197; the
  Crusades, 197; on the abuses
  of charity, 411. 
Bernardone, Peter, father of Francis,
  208. See Francis. 
Bethlehem, Jerome’s monasteries
  at, 85, 88; Paula establishes
  monasteries at, 100. 
Bible, The, and monasticism, 30,