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Table of Contents | |
Section | Page |
Start of eBook | 1 |
NARRATIVE AND LYRIC POEMS | 1 |
THE BATTLE OF THE LAKE REGILLUS.[1] | 21 |
PART FIRST. | 37 |
PART SECOND. | 39 |
SOHRAB AND RUSTUM. | 72 |
The meeting of the waters.
There is not in the wide world a valley
so sweet
As that vale in whose bosom the bright
waters meet!
Oh! the last rays of feeling and life
must depart
Ere the bloom of that valley shall fade
from my heart.
Yet it was not that nature had
shed o’er the scene 5
Her purest of crystal and brightest of
green;
’Twas not the soft magic
of streamlet or hill,
Oh! no—it was something more
exquisite still.
’Twas that friends, the beloved
of my bosom, were near,
Who made every dear scene of enchantment
more dear, 10
And who felt how the best charms of nature
improve,
When we see them reflected from looks
that we love.
Sweet vale of Avoca![1] how calm could
I rest
In thy bosom of shade with the friends
I love best,
Where the storms that we feel in this
cold world should cease, 15
And our hearts, like thy waters, be mingled
in peace!
—Moore.
[1] Avoca. A valley and river in the County of Wicklow, Ireland. The name signifies “The Meeting of the Waters.”
Jock O’ Hazeldean.
“Why weep ye by the tide, ladie?
Why weep ye by the tide?
I’ll wed ye to my youngest son,
And ye sall[1] be his bride:
And ye sall be his bride, ladie,
5
Sae comely to be seen”—
But aye she loot[2] the tears down fa’
For Jock o’ Hazeldean.
“Now let this wilfu’ grief
be done,
And dry that cheek so pale;
10
Young Frank is chief of Errington,
And lord of Langley-dale;
His step is first in peaceful ha’,
His sword in battle keen”—
But aye she loot the tears down fa’
15
For Jock o’ Hazeldean.
“A chain of gold ye sall not lack,
Nor braid to bind your hair;
Nor mettled hound, nor managed[3] hawk,
Nor palfrey fresh and fair;
20
And you, the foremost o’ them a’
Shall ride our forest-queen”—
But aye she loot the tears down fa’
For Jock o’ Hazeldean.
The kirk was deck’d at morning-tide,
25
The tapers glimmer’d
fair;
The priest and bridegroom wait the bride,
And dame and knight are there.
They sought her baith by bower and ha’.
The ladie was not seen!
30
She’s o’er the border, and
awa’
Wi’ Jock o’ Hazeldean!
—Scott
[1] sall. shall.
[2] loot. let.
[3] managed. trained.
Horatius.
A lay made about the year of the city CCCLX.
According to legend, Tarquinius Superbus, or Tarquin the Proud, the last of the early kings of Rome, was driven out of the city, partly on account of his own tyranny, and partly because of the misdeeds of his son Sextus Tarquin. The immediate cause of the expulsion of the Tarquins was “the deed of shame,” committed by Sextus against Lucretia, the wife of one of the Roman governors. After two unsuccessful attempts to regain the throne, Tarquinius Superbus sought the aid of the Etruscans and Latins, and under the leadership of Lars Porsena, the head of the Etruscan League, the combined forces marched upon Rome. It was then that the incident recorded in the story of Horatius is supposed to have taken place. After the defence of the bridge by Horatius, Lars Porsena laid siege to the city and at last reduced it to submission. He did not, however, insist upon the reinstatement of the Tarquins. A fourth and last attempt was made by Tarquin the Proud to regain the throne, by the aid of his Latin allies, under Mamilius of Tusculum. The story of this expedition forms the subject of The Battle of Lake Regulus.
I
Lars[1] Porsena of Clusium[2]
By the Nine Gods[3] he swore
That the great house of Tarquin
Should suffer wrong no more.
By the Nine Gods he swore it,
5
And named a trysting day,[4]
And bade his messengers ride forth,
East and west and south and north,
To summon his array.
II
East and west and south and north
10
The messengers ride fast,
And tower and town and cottage
Have heard the trumpet’s
blast.
Shame on the false Etruscan,
Who lingers in his home,
15
When Porsena of Clusium
Is on the march to Rome.
III
The horsemen and the footmen
Are pouring in amain
From many a stately market-place,
20
From many a fruitful plain,
From many a lonely hamlet,
Which, hid by beech and pine,
Like an eagle’s nest, hangs on the
crest
Of purple Apennine;
25
IV
From lordly Volaterrae,[5]
Where scowls the far-famed
hold
Piled by the hands of giants
For godlike kings of old;
From seagirt Populonia,
30
Whose sentinels descry
Sardinia’s snowy mountain-tops
Fringing the southern sky;
V
From the proud mart of Pisse,[6]
Queen of the western waves,
35
Where ride Massilia’s triremes[7]
Heavy with fair-haired slaves,
From where sweet Olanis[8] wanders
Through corn and vines and
flowers,
From where Cortona lifts to heaven
40
Her diadem of towers.
VI
Tall are the oaks whose acorns
Drop in dark Auser’s[9]
rill;
Fat are the stags that champ the boughs
Of the Ciminian hill;[10]
45
Beyond all streams Clitumnus[11]
Is to the herdsman dear;
Best of all pools the fowler loves
The great Volsinian mere.[12]
VII
But now no stroke of woodman
50
Is heard by Auser’s
rill;
No hunter tracks the stag’s green
path
Up the Ciminian hill;
Unwatched along Clitumnus
Grazes the milk-white steer;
55
Unharmed the waterfowl may dip
In the Volsinian mere.
VIII
The harvests of Arretium,[13]
This year, old men shall reap,
This year, young boys in Umbro[14]
60
Shall plunge the struggling
sheep;
And in the vats of Luna,
This year, the must[15] shall
foam
Round the white feet of laughing girls
Whose sires have marched to
Rome.
IX
There be thirty chosen prophets,
The wisest of the land,
Who alway by Lars Porsena
Both morn and evening stand:
Evening and morn the Thirty
70
Have turned the verses o’er,
Traced from the right[16] on linen white
By mighty seers of yore,
X
And with one voice the Thirty
Have their glad answer given:
75
“Go forth, go forth, Lars Porsena;
Go forth, beloved of Heaven:
Go, and return in glory
To Clusium’s royal dome;
And hang round Nurscia’s[17] altars
80
The golden shields[18] of
Rome.”
XI
And now hath every city
Sent up her tale[19] of men:
The foot are fourscore thousand,
The horse are thousands ten.
85
Before the gates of Sutrium[20]
Is met the great array.
A proud man was Lars Porsena
Upon the trysting day.
XII
For all the Etruscan armies
90
Were ranged beneath his eye
And many a banished Roman,
And many a stout ally;
And with a mighty following
To join the muster came
95
The Tusculan Mamilius,[21]
Prince of the Latian[22] name.
XIII
But by the yellow Tiber
Was tumult and affright:
From all the spacious champaign
100
To Rome men took their flight.
A mile around the city,
The throng stopped up the
ways;
A fearful sight it was to see
Through two long nights and
days. 105
XIV
For aged folks on crutches,
And women great with child,
And mothers sobbing over babes
That clung to them and smiled,
And sick men borne in litters
110
High on the necks of slaves,
And troops of sunburnt husbandmen
With reaping-hooks and staves,
XV
And droves of mules and asses
Laden with skins of wine,
115
And endless flocks of goats and sheep,
And endless herds of kine,
And endless trains of wagons
That creaked beneath the weight
Of corn-sacks and of household goods,
120
Choked every roaring gate.
XVI
Now, from the rock Tarpeian,[23]
Could the wan burghers spy
The line of blazing villages
Red in the midnight sky.
125
The Fathers[24] of the City,
They sat all night and day,
For every hour some horseman came
With tidings of dismay.
XVII
To eastward and to westward
130
Have spread the Tuscan bands;
Nor house nor fence nor dovecote
In Crustumerium[25] stands.
Verbenna down to Ostia[26]
Hath wasted all the plain;
135
Astur hath stormed Janiculum,[27]
And the stout guards are slain.
XVIII
I wis,[28] in all the Senate,
There was no heart so bold,
But sore it ached, and fast it beat;
140
When that ill news was told.
Forthwith up rose the Consul,
Up rose the Fathers all;
In haste they girded up their gowns,
And hied them to the wall.
145
XIX
They held a council standing
Before the River-Gate[30];
Short time was there, ye well may guess,
For musing or debate.
Out spake the Consul roundly:
150
“The bridge[31] must
straight go down;
For, since Janiculum is lost,
Naught else can save the town.”
XX
Just then a scout came flying,
All wild with haste and fear;
155
“To arms! to arms! Sir Consul:
Lars Porsena is here.”
On the low hills to westward
The Consul fixed his eye,
And saw the swarthy storm of dust
160
Rise fast along the sky.
XXI
And nearer fast and nearer
Doth the red whirlwind come;
And louder still and still more loud,
From underneath that rolling cloud,
165
Is heard the trumpet’s war-note
proud,
The trampling, and the hum.
And plainly and more plainly
Now through the gloom appears,
Far to left and far to right,
170
In broken gleams of dark-blue light,
The long array of helmets bright,
The long array of spears.
XXII
And plainly, and more plainly
Above that glimmering line,
175
Now might ye see the banners
Of twelve fair cities[32]
shine;
But the banner of proud Clusium
Was highest of them all,
The terror of the Umbrian,[33]
180
The terror of the Gaul.[34]
XXIII
And plainly and more plainly
Now might the burghers know,
By port and vest,[35] by horse and crest,
Each warlike Lucumo.[36]
185
There Cilnius of Arretium
On his fleet roan[37] was
seen;
And Astur of the fourfold shield,[38]
Girt with the brand none else may wield;
Tolumnius with the belt of gold,
190
And dark Verbenna from the hold
By reedy Thrasymene.[39]
XXIV
Fast by the royal standard,
O’erlooking all the
war,
Lars Porsena of Clusium
195
Sat in his ivory car.
By the right wheel rode Mamilius,
Prince of the Latian name;
And by the left false Sextus,
That wrought the deed of shame.
200
XXV
But when the face of Sextus
Was seen among the foes,
A yell that rent the firmament
From all the town arose.
On the house-tops was no woman
205
But spat towards him and hissed,
No child but screamed out curses,
And shook its little fist.
XXVI
But the Consul’s brow was sad,
And the Consul’s speech
was low. 210
And darkly looked he at the wall,
And darkly at the foe.
“Their van will be upon us
Before the bridge goes down;
And if they once may win the bridge,
215
What hope to save the town?”
XXVII
Then out spake brave Horatius,
The Captain of the Gate:
“To every man upon this earth
Death cometh soon or late,
220
And how can man die better
Than facing fearful odds,
For the ashes of his fathers,
And the temples of his Gods,
XXVIII
And for the tender mother
225
Who dandled him to rest,
And for the wife that nurses
His baby at her breast,
And for the holy maidens[40]
Who feed the eternal flame,
230
To save them from false Sextus
That wrought the deed of shame?”
XXIX
“Hew down the bridge, Sir Consul,
With all the speed ye may,
I, with two more to help me,
235
Will hold the foe in play.
In yon strait path a thousand
May well be stopped by three.
Now who will stand on either hand,
And keep the bridge with me?”
240
XXX
Then out spake Spurius Lartius;
A Ramnian[41] proud was he:
“Lo, I will stand at thy right hand,
And keep the bridge with thee.”
And out spake strong Herminius;
245
Of Titian blood was he:
“I will abide on thy left side,
And keep the bridge with thee.”
XXXI
“Horatius,” quoth the Consul,
“As thou sayest, so
let it be,” 250
And straight against that great array
Forth went the dauntless Three.
For Romans in Rome’s quarrel
Spared neither land nor gold,
Nor son nor wife, nor limb nor life,
255
In the brave days of old.[42]
XXXII
Then none was for a party;
Then all were for the state;
Then the great man helped the poor.
And the poor man loved the
great, 260
Then lands were fairly portioned,
Then spoils were fairly sold:[43]
The Romans were like brothers
In the brave days of old.
XXXIII
Now Roman is to Roman
265
More hateful than a foe,
And the Tribunes[44] beard[45] the high,
And the Fathers grind the
low.
As we wax hot in faction,
In battle we wax cold:
270
Wherefore men fight not as they fought
In the brave days of old.
XXXIV
Now while the Three were tightening
Their harness[46] on their
backs,
The Consul was the foremost man
275
To take in hand an axe:
And Fathers mixed with Commons
Seized hatchet, bar, and crow,
And smote upon the planks above,
And loosed the props below.
280
XXXV
Meanwhile the Tuscan army,
Right glorious to behold,
Came flashing back the noonday light,
Rank behind rank, like surges bright
Of a broad sea of gold.
285
Four hundred trumpets sounded
A peal of warlike glee,
As that great host, with measured tread,
And spears advanced, and ensigns spread,
Rolled slowly towards the bridge’s
head, 290
Where stood the dauntless
Three.
XXXVI
The Three stood calm and silent,
And looked upon the foes,
And a great shout of laughter
From all the vanguard rose;
295
And forth three chiefs came spurring
Before that deep array;
To earth they sprang, their swords they
drew,
And lifted high their shields,
and flew
To win the narrow way;
300
XXXVII
Aunus from green Tifernum,[47]
Lord of the Hill of Vines;
And Seius, whose eight hundred slaves
Sicken in Ilva’s[48]
mines;
And Picus, long to Clusium
305
Vassal in peace and war,
Who led to fight his Umbrian powers
From that gray crag where,
girt with towers,
The fortress of Nequinum[49] lowers
O’er the pale waves
of Nar. 310
XXXVIII
Stout Lartius hurled down Aunus
Into the stream beneath:
Herminius struck at Seius,
And clove him to the teeth:
At Picus brave Horatius
315
Darted one fiery thrust;
And the proud Umbrian’s gilded arms
Clashed in the bloody dust.
XXXIX
Then Ocnus of Palerii[50]
Rushed on the Roman Three;
320
And Lausulus of Urgo,[51]
The rover of the sea;[52]
And Aruns of Volsinium,
Who slew the great wild boar,
The great wild boar that had his den
325
Amidst the reeds of Cosa’s[53] fen
And wasted fields, and slaughtered men,
Along Albinia’s[54]
shore.
XL
Herminius smote down Aruns:
Lartius laid Ocnus low:
330
Right to the heart of Lausulus
Horatius sent a blow.
“Lie there,” he cried, “fell
pirate!
No more, aghast and pale,
From Ostia’s walls the crowd shall
mark 335
The track of thy destroying bark.
No more Campania’s[55] hinds[56]
shall fly
To woods and caverns when they spy
Thy thrice accursed sail.”
XLI
But now no sound of laughter
340
Was heard among the foes.
A wild and wrathful clamor
From all the vanguard rose.
Six spears’ lengths from the entrance
Halted that deep array,
345
And for a space no man came forth
To win the narrow way.
XLII
But hark! the cry is Astur:
And lo! the ranks divide;
And the great Lord of Luna
Comes with his stately stride.
350
Upon his ample shoulders
Clangs loud the fourfold shield,
And in his hand he shakes the brand
Which none but he can wield.
355
XLIII
He smiled on those bold Romans
A smile serene and high;
He eyed the flinching Tuscans,
And scorn was in his eye.
Quoth he, “The she-wolf’s
litter[57] 360
Stand savagely at bay:
But will ye dare to follow,
If Astur clears the way?”
XLIV
Then, whirling up his broadsword
With both hands to the height,
365
He rushed against Horatius,
And smote with all his might.
With shield and blade Horatius,
Right deftly turned the blow.
The blow, though turned, came yet too
nigh: 370
It missed his helm, but gashed his thigh:
The Tuscans raised a joyful cry
To see the red blood flow.
XLV
He reeled, and on Herminius
He leaned one breathing-space;
375
Then, like a wild-cat mad with wounds,
Sprang right at Astur’s
face.
Through teeth, and skull, and helmet
So fierce a thrust he sped
The good sword stood a hand-breadth out
380
Behind the Tuscan’s
head.
XLVI
And the great Lord of Luna
Fell at that deadly stroke,
As falls on Mount Alvernus
A thunder-smitten oak.
385
Far o’er the crashing forest
The giant arms lie spread;
And the pale augurs, muttering low,
Gaze on the blasted head.
XLVII
On Astur’s throat Horatius
390
Right firmly pressed his heel;
And thrice and four times tugged amain,
Ere be wrenched out the steel.
“And see,” he cried, “the
welcome,
Fair guests, that waits you
here! 395
What noble Lucumo comes next
To taste our Roman cheer?”
XLVI
But at his haughty challenge
A sullen murmur ran,
Mingled of wrath, and shame, and dread,
400
Along that glittering van.
There lacked not men of prowess,
Nor men of lordly race,
For all Etruria’s noblest
Were round the fatal place.
405
XLIX
But all Etruria’s noblest
Felt their hearts sink to
see
On the earth the bloody corpses,
In the path the dauntless
Three:
And from the ghastly entrance
410
Where those bold Romans stood,
All shrank, like boys who unaware,
Ranging the woods to start a hare,
Come to the mouth of the dark lair,
Where, growling low, a fierce old bear
415
Lies amidst bones and blood.
L
Was none who would be foremost
To lead such dire attack;
But those behind cried, “Forward!”
And those before cried, “Back!”
420
And backward now and forward
Wavers the deep array;
And on the tossing sea of steel,
To and fro the standards reel;
And the victorious trumpet-peal
425
Dies fitfully away.
LI
Yet one man for one moment
Stood out before the crowd;
Well known was he to all the Three,
And they gave him greeting
loud. 430
“Now welcome, welcome, Sextus!
Now welcome to thy home!
Why dost thou stay, and turn away?
Here lies the road to Rome.”
LII
Thrice looked he at the city;
435
Thrice looked he at the dead
And thrice came on in fury,
And thrice turned back in
dread:
And, white with fear and hatred,
Scowled at the narrow way
440
Where, wallowing in a pool of blood,
The bravest Tuscans lay.
LIII
But meanwhile axe and lever
Have manfully been plied;
And now the bridge hangs tottering
445
Above the boiling tide.
“Come back, come back, Horatius!”
Loud cried the Fathers all.
“Back, Lartius! back, Herminius!
Back, ere the ruin fall!”
450
LIV
Back darted Spurius Lartius,
Herminius darted back:
And, as they passed, beneath their feet
They felt the timbers crack.
But when they turned their faces,
455
And on the farther shore
Saw brave Horatius stand alone,
They would have crossed once
more.
LV
But with a crash like thunder
Fell every loosened beam,
460
And, like a dam, the mighty wreck
Lay right athwart the stream;
And a long shout of triumph
Rose from the walls of Rome,
As to the highest turret-tops
465
Was splashed the yellow foam.
LVI
And like a horse unbroken
When first he feels the rein,
The furious river struggled hard,
And tossed his tawny mane,
470
And burst the curb, and bounded,
Rejoicing to be free,
And whirling down, in fierce career,
Battlement, and plank, and pier,
Rushed headlong to the sea.
475
LVII
Alone stood brave Horatius,
But constant still in mind;
Thrice thirty thousand foes before,
And the broad flood behind.
“Down with him!” cried false
Sextus, 480
With a smile on his pale face.
“Now yield thee,” cried Lars
Porsena,
“Now yield thee to our
grace.”
LVIII
Round turned he, as not deigning
Those craven ranks to see;
485
Nought spake he to Lars Porsena,
To Sextus nought spake he;
But he saw on Palatinus[58]
The white porch of his home;
And he spake to the noble river
490
That rolls by the towers of
Rome.
LIX
“Oh, Tiber! father Tiber!
To whom the Romans pray,
A Roman’s life, a Roman’s
arms,
Take thou in charge this day.”
495
So he spake, and speaking sheathed
The good sword by his side,
And with his harness on his back,
Plunged headlong in the tide.
LX
No sound of joy or sorrow
500
Was heard from either bank;
But friends and foes, in dumb surprise,
With parted lips and straining eyes,
Stood gazing where he sank;
And when above the surges
505
They saw his crest appear,
All Rome sent forth a rapturous cry,
And even the ranks of Tuscany
Could scarce forbear to cheer.
LXI
But fiercely ran the current,
510
Swollen high by months of
rain:
And fast his blood was flowing,
And he was sore in pain,
And heavy with his armor,
And spent with changing[59]
blows: 515
And oft they thought him sinking,
But still again he rose.
LXII
Never, I ween,[80] did swimmer,
In such an evil case,
Struggle through such a raging flood
520
Safe to the landing-place:
But his limbs were borne up bravely
By the brave heart within,
And our good father Tiber
Bore bravely up his chin.
525
LXIII
“Curse on him!” quoth false
Sextus,
“Will not the villain
drown?
But for this stay, ere close of day
We should have sacked the
town!”
“Heaven help him!” quoth Lars
Porsena, 530
“And bring him safe
to shore;
For such a gallant feat of arms
Was never seen before.”
LXI
And now he feels the bottom;
Now on dry earth he stands;
535
Now round him throng the Fathers
To press his gory hands;
And now, with shouts and clapping,
And noise of weeping loud,
He enters through the River-Gate,
540
Borne by the joyous crowd.
LXV
They gave him of the corn-land,
That was of public right,[81]
As much as two strong oxen
Could plough from morn till
night; 545
And they made a molten image,
And set it up on high,
And there it stands unto this, day,
To witness if I lie.
LXVI
It stands in the Comitium,[62]
545
Plain for all folk to see;
Horatius in his harness,
Halting upon one knee:
And underneath is written,
In letters all of gold,
550
How valiantly he kept the bridge,
In the brave days of old.
LXVII
And still his name sounds stirring
Unto the men of Rome,
As the trumpet-blast that cries to them
560
To charge the Volscian home,[63]
And wives still pray to Juno[64]
For boys with hearts as bold
As his who kept the bridge so well,
In the brave days of old.
565
LXVIII
And in the nights of winter,
When the cold north winds
blow,
And the long howling of the wolves
Is heard amidst the snow;
When round the lonely cottage
570
Roars loud the tempest’s
din,
And the good logs of Algidus[65]
Roar louder yet within;
LXIX
When the oldest cask is opened,
And the largest lamp is lit
575
When the chestnuts glow in the embers,
And the kid turns on the spit;
When young and old in circle
Around the firebrands close;
When the girls are weaving baskets,
580
And the lads are shaping bows;
LXX
When the goodman mends his armor,
And trims his helmet’s
plume;
When the good wife’s shuttle merrily
Goes flashing through the
loom: 585
With weeping and with laughter
Still is the story told,
How well Horatius kept the bridge
In the brave days of old.
—Macaulay
[1] Lars. Lord or Chieftain.
[2] Clusium. The modern Chiusi.
[3] Nine Gods. The chief Gods of the Etruscans were nine in number.
[4] trysting day. A day appointed for meeting.
[5] Volaterrae. The modern Volterra. The walls of the ancient fortress were built of enormous blocks of stone fitted together without cement.
[6] Pisse. Pisa
[7] Massilia. The modern Marseilles, originally a Greek colony and a flourishing commercial centre. triremes. Vessels with three banks of oars on each side. fair-haired slaves. Slaves from Gaul.
[8] Clanis. The modern river Chiana.
[9] Auser. A tributary of the Anio.
[10] Ciminian hill. A lofty mountain in the northern Apennines.
[11] Clitumnus. The river Clitumno.
[12] Volsinian mere. A lake which took its name from the town of Volsinii (modern Bolsena) situated on its banks.
[13] Arretium. Arezzo.
[14] Umbro. A river in Etruria,—the modern Ombrone.
[15] must. new wine.
[16] Written from right to left.
[17] Nurscia. The Etruscan goddess of fortune.
[18] golden shields. Twelve golden shields kept in the temple of Vesta, and believed by the Romans to be bound up with the safety of their city. See notes on pp. 68 and 71.
[19] tale. (A. S. talian, “to reckon".) number.
[20] Sutrium. Sutri, a city about thirty miles from Rome.
[21] Tusculan Mamilius. Tusculum is the modern Frascati, a city about twelve miles from Rome. Mamilius was the son-in-law of Tarquin.
[22] Latium was a province in central Italy, inhabited by the Latins. It was conquered by Rome in the fourth century B.C.
[23] Tarpeian. The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome. Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill. She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.
[24] Fathers of the City. The senators.
[25] Crustumerium. A Latin city a few miles from Rome.
[26] Ostia. A city at the mouth of the Tiber, fifteen miles from Rome.
[27] Janiculum. A hill on the right bank of the Tiber.
[28] I wis. See H. S. Grammar, p. 176.
[29] Consul. After the expulsion of the Tarquin kings, Rome was governed by two chief magistrates, known as consuls.
[30] the River-Gate. The gate facing the Janiculum hill.
[31] bridge. The Sublician bridge, which connected Rome with Janiculum.
[32] twelve fair cities. The Etruscan confederacy was composed of twelve cities.
[33] Umbrian. Umbria was a division of Italy.
[34] the Gaul. The Gauls were beginning to invade Italy from the north.
[35] port and vest. Bearing and dress.
[36] Lucumo. Etruscan chief.
[37] roan. A roan horse is of a reddish colour, with white hairs thickly interspersed.
[38] fourfold. With four thicknesses of leather.
[39] Thrasymene. Lake Trasimenus (modern Lake of Perugia). It is only about twenty feet deep.
[40] holy maidens. The vestal virgins, whose duty it was to keep the fire burning on the altar in the temple of Vesta. Vesta was the goddess of the home, and the vestal virgins were bound by oath never to marry.
[41] Ramnian. The Ramnes were one of the three tribes of which the Roman people were mainly comprised; the Tities were a second of these tribes; Horatius himself belonged to the Luceres, the third tribe, so that in the defence of the bridge all three tribes were represented.
[42] The story is supposed to be told by one of the plebeians, or common people in Rome, about 120 years after the event took place.
[43] The speaker voices the grievances of the Plebeians against the Patricians.
[44] Tribunes. The officers appointed to defend the rights of the Plebeians against the encroachments of the Patricians.
[45] beard. openly defy.
[46] harness. armour.
[47] Tifernum. A town on the river Tiber.
[48] Ilva. Elba, an island in the Mediterranean, on the coast of Italy.
[49] Nequinum. Narni, on the Nar, which is a tributary of the Tiber.
[50] Falerii. One of the twelve Etruscan cities.
[51] Urgo. An island in the Mediterranean.
[52] rover of the sea. pirate.
[53] Cosa. A town on the sea-coast.
[54] Albinia. A river in Etruria.
[55] Campania. A district along the sea-coast.
[56] hinds. peasants.
[57] The she-wolf’s litter. A reference to the legend, of Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome, who were said to have been suckled by a she-wolf.
[58] Palatinus. The Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.
[59] changing. exchanging.
[60] ween. think, fancy.
[61] of public right. Belonging to the state.
[62] Comitium. That part of the Roman forum, or public square, where the Patricians were accustomed to meet.
[63] To charge the Volscian home. The Volsciana lived in the southern part of Latium. They were constantly at war with the Romans. Home is here an adverb strengthening the meaning of charge.
[64] Juno. Wife of Jupiter, and queen of heaven.
[65] Algidus. A hill about twelve miles from Rome.
Alice brand.
Merry it is in the good greenwood,
When the mavis and merle[1]
are singing,
When the deer sweeps by and the hounds
are in cry,
And the hunter’s horn
is ringing.
“O Alice Brand, my native land
5
Is lost for love of you;
And we must hold by wood and wold,[2]
As outlaws wont to do.
“O Alice, ’twas all for thy
locks so bright,
And ’twas all for thine
eyes so blue, 10
That on the night of our luckless flight
Thy brother bold I slew.
“Now must I teach to hew the beech
The hand that held the glaive,[3]
For leaves to spread our lowly bed,
15
And stakes to fence our cave.
“And for vest of pall,[4] thy fingers
small,
That wont on harp to stray,
A cloak must shear from the slaughtered
deer,
To keep the cold away.”
20
“O Richard! if my brother died,
Twas but a fatal chance;
For darkling[5] was the battle tried,
And fortune sped the lance.
“If pall and vair[6] no more I wear,
25
Nor thou the crimson sheen,
As warm, we ’ll say, is the russet
gray,
As gay the forest-green.
“And, Richard, if our lot be hard,
And lost thy native land,
30
Still Alice has her own Richard,
And he his Alice Brand.”
’T is merry, ’t is merry,
in good greenwood
So blithe Lady Alice is singing;
On the beech’s pride, and oak’s
brown side, 35
Lord Richard’s axe is
ringing.
Up spoke the moody Elfin King,[7]
Who woned[8] within the hill,—
Like wind in the porch of a ruined church,
His voice was ghostly shrill.
40
“Why sounds yon stroke on beech
and oak,
Our moonlight circle’s[9]
screen?
Or who comes here to chase the deer,
Beloved of our Elfin Queen?
Or who may dare on wold to wear
45
The fairies’ fatal green?[10]
“Up, Urgan, up! to yon mortal hie,
For thou wert christened[11]
man;
For cross or sign thou wilt not fly,
For muttered word or ban.[12]
50
“Lay on him the curse of the withered
heart,
The curse of the sleepless
eye
Till he wish and pray that his life would
part,
Nor yet find leave to die.”
Tis merry, ’tis merry, in good greenwood
55
Though the birds have stilled
their singing,
The evening blaze doth Alice raise,
And Richard is fagots bringing.
Up Urgan starts, that hideous dwarf,
Before Lord Richard stands,
60
And, as he crossed and blessed himself,
“I fear not sign,” quoth the
grisly[13] elf,
“That is made with bloody
hands.”
But out then spoke she, Alice Brand,
That woman void of fear,—
65
“And if there’s blood upon
his hand,
’Tis but the blood of
deer.”
“Now loud thou liest, thou bold
of mood!
It cleaves unto his hand,
The stain of thine own kindly blood,[14]
70
The blood of Ethert Brand.”
Then forward stepped she, Alice Brand,
And made the holy sign,—
“And if there’s blood on Richard’s
hand,
A spotless hand is mine.
75
“And I conjure[15] thee, demon elf,
By Him whom demons fear,
To show us whence thou art thyself,
And what thine errand here?”
“’Tis merry, ’tis merry,
in Fairy-land, 80
When fairy birds are singing,
When the court doth ride by their monarch’s
side,
With bit and bridle ringing:
“And gayly shines the Fairy-land—
But all is glistening show
85
Like the idle gleam that December’s
beam
Can dart on ice and snow.
“And fading, like that varied gleam,
Is our inconstant shape,
“Who now like knight and lady seem,
90
And now like dwarf and ape.
“It was between the night and day,
When the Fairy King has power,
That I sunk down in a sinful fray,
And ’twixt life and death was snatched
away 95
To the joyless Elfin bower.
“But wist[16] I of a woman bold,
Who thrice my brow durst sign,[17]
I might regain my mortal mould,
As fair a form as thine.”
100
She crossed him once—she crossed
him twice—–
That lady was so brave;
The fouler grew his goblin hue,
The darker grew the cave.
She crossed him thrice, that lady bold,
105
He rose beneath her hand,
The fairest knight on Scottish mould,
Her brother, Ethert Brand!
Merry it is in good greenwood,
When the mavis and merle are
singing, 110
But merrier were they in Dunfermline[18]
gray,
When all the bells were ringing.
—Scott
[1] mavis and merle. thrush and blackbird.
[2] wold. hilly, open country.
[3] glaive. sword.
[4] pall. A rich cloth from which mantles of noblemen were made.
[5] darkling. In the dark.
[6] vair. The fur of the squirrel.
[7] Elfin King. King of the fairies.
[8] woned. dwelt.
[9] circle. dance.
[10] fairies’ fatal green. The dress of the fairies was green and they were angered when mortals dared to wear garments of that colour.
[11] christened. Those who had been baptized were, according to mediaeval belief, supposed to enjoy special advantages or privileges.
[12] ban. curse.
[13] grisly. horrible; hideous.
[14] kindly blood. The blood of your kindred.
[15] conjure. Call upon by oath. Distinguished from conjure, meaning “to influence by magic.”
[16] wist. See High School Grammar, p. 176.
[17] sign. Make the sign of the cross upon ray brow.
[18] Dunfermline. A town, about twenty miles from Edinburgh.
THE SOLITARY REAPER.
Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland lass!
Reaping and singing by herself,
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain
5
And sings a melancholy strain.
Oh, listen! for the vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
No nightingale did ever chant
So sweetly to reposing bands
10
Of travellers in some shady haunt
Among Arabian sands:
No sweeter voice was ever heard
In spring time from the cuckoo-bird
Breaking the silence of the seas
15
Among the farthest Hebrides.
“Will no one tell me what she sings?
Perhaps the plaintive numbers now
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago.
20
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of to-day?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and may be again?
“Whate’er the theme, the maiden
sang 25
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o’er the sickle bending;—
I listen’d motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
30
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more.
—Wordsworth.
THE ISLAND OF THE SCOTS.
The Rhine is running deep and red, the
island lies before,—
“Now is there one of all the host
will dare to venture o’er?
For not alone the river’s sweep
might make a brave man quail;
The foe are on the further side, their
shot comes fast as hail.
God help us, if the middle isle we may
not hope to win; 5
Now is there any of the host will dare
to venture in?”
“The ford is deep, the banks are
steep, the island-shore lies wide;
Nor man nor horse could stem its force,
or reach the further side.
See there! amidst the willow-boughs the
serried[1] bayonets gleam,
They’ve flung their bridge,—they’ve
won the isle; the foe
have cross’d
the stream!
10
Their volley flashes sharp and strong,—by
all the saints!
I trow
There never yet was soldier born could
force that passage now!”
So spoke the bold French Mareschal[2]
with him who led the van,
Whilst, rough and red before their view
the turbid river ran.
Nor bridge nor boat had they to cross
the wild and swollen Rhine, 15
And thundering on the other bank far stretch’d
the German line.
Hard by there stood a swarthy man, was
leaning on his sword,
And a sadden’d smile lit up his
face as he heard the Captain’s word.
“I’ve seen a wilder stream
ere now than that which rushes there;
I’ve stemm’d a heavier torrent
yet and never thought to dare. 20
If German steel be sharp and keen, is
ours not strong and true?
There may be danger in the deed, but there
is honour too.”
The old lord in his saddle turn’d,
and hastily he said,
“Hath bold Duguesclin’s[3]
fiery heart awaken’d from the dead?
Thou art the leader of the Scots,—now
well and sure I know, 25
That gentle blood in dangerous hour ne’er
yet ran cold nor slow;
And I have seen ye in the fight do all
that mortal may:
If honour is the boon ye seek, it may
be won this day,—
The prize is in the middle isle, there
lies the adventurous way,
And armies twain are on the plain, the
daring deed to see,— 30
Now ask thy gallant company if they will
follow thee!”
Right gladsome look’d the Captain
then, and nothing did he say,
But he turn’d him to his little
band, O, few, I ween, were they!
The relics of the bravest force that ever
fought in fray.
No one of all that company but bore a
gentle name, 35
Not one whose fathers had not stood in
Scotland’s fields of fame.
All they had march’d with great
Dundee[4] to where he fought and fell,
And in the deadly battle-strife had venged
their leader well;
And they had bent the knee to earth when
every eye was dim,
As o’er their hero’s buried
corpse they sang the funeral hymn; 40
And they had trod the Pass[5] once more,
and stoop’d on either side.
To pluck the heather from the spot where
he had dropp’d and died,
And they had bound it next their hearts,
and ta’en a last farewell
Of Scottish earth and Scottish sky, where
Scotland’s glory fell.
Then went they forth to foreign lands
like bent and broken men, 45
Who leave their dearest hope behind, and
may not turn again.
“The stream,” he said, “is
broad and deep, and stubborn is the foe,—
Yon island-strength is guarded well,—say,
brothers, will ye go?
From home and kin for many a year our
steps have wander’d wide,
And never may our bones be laid our fathers’
graves beside. 50
No children have we to lament, no wives
to wail our fall;
The traitor’s and the spoiler’s
hand have reft our hearths of all.
But we have hearts, and we have arms,
as strong to will and dare
As when our ancient banners flew within
the northern air.
Come, brothers! let me name a spell, shall
rouse your souls again, 55
And send the old blood bounding free through
pulse and heart and vein.
Call back the days of bygone years,—be
young and strong once more;
Think yonder stream, so stark and red,
is one we’ve cross’d before.
Rise, hill and glen! rise, crag and wood!
rise up on either hand,—
Again upon the Garry’s[6] banks,
on Scottish soil we stand! 60
Again I see the tartans[7] wave, again
the trumpets ring;
Again I hear our leader’s call;
‘Upon them for the King!’
Stay’d we behind that glorious day
for roaring flood or linn?[8]
The soul of Graeme is with us still,—now,
brothers, will ye in?”
No stay,—no pause. With
one accord, they grasp’d each
other’s
hand,
65
Then plunged into the angry flood, that
bold and dauntless band.
High flew the spray above their heads,
yet onward still they bore,
Midst cheer, and shout, and answering
yell, and shot, and cannon-roar,—
“Now, by the Holy Cross! I
swear, since earth and sea began,
Was never such a daring deed essay’d
by mortal man!” 70
Thick blew the smoke across the stream,
and faster flash’d the flame:
The water plash’d in hissing jets
as ball and bullet came.
Yet onward push’d the Cavaliers
all stern and undismay’d,
With thousand armed foes before, and none
behind to aid.
Once, as they near’d the middle
stream, so strong the torrent swept, 75
That scarce that long and living wall
their dangerous footing kept.
Then rose a warning cry behind, a joyous
shout before:
“The current’s strong,—the
way is long,—they’ll never reach
the shore!
See, see! they stagger in the midst, they
waver in their line!
Fire on the madmen! break their ranks,
and whelm them in the Rhine!” 80
Have you seen the tall trees swaying when
the blast is sounding shrill,
And the whirlwind reels in fury down the
gorges to the hill?
How they toss their mighty branches, struggling
with the
temper’s
shock;
How they keep their place of vantage,
cleaving firmly to the rock?
Even so the Scottish warriors held their
own against the river. 85
Though the water flashed around them,
not an eye was seen to quiver;
Though the shot flew sharp and deadly,
not a man relax’d his hold;
For their hearts were big and thrilling
with the mighty thoughts
of old.
One word was spoken among them, and through
the ranks it spread,—
“Remember our dead Claverhouse!”
was all the Captain said. 90
Then, sternly bending forward, they wrestled
on a while,
Until they clear’d the heavy stream,
then rush’d toward the isle.
The German heart is stout and true, the
German arm is strong;
The German foot goes seldom back where
armed foemen throng.
But never bad they faced in field so stern
a charge before, 95
And never had they felt the sweep of Scotland’s
broad claymore.[9]
Not fiercer pours the avalanche adown
the steep incline,
That rises o’er the parent springs
of rough and rapid Rhine,—
Scarce swifter shoots the bolt from heaven,
than came the Scottish band
Right up against the guarded trench, and
o’er it, sword in hand. 100
In vain their leaders forward press,—they
meet the deadly brand!
O lonely island of the Rhine,—Where
seed was never sown,
What harvest lay upon thy sands, by those
strong reapers thrown?
What saw the winter moon that night, as,
struggling through the rain,
She pour’d a wan and fitful light
on marsh, and stream, and plain? 105
A dreary spot with corpses strewn, and
bayonets glistening round;
A broken bridge, a stranded boat, a bare
and batter’d mound;
And one huge watch-fire’s kindled
pile, that sent its quivering glare
To tell the leaders of the host the conquering
Scots were there.
And did they twine the laurel-wreath,[10]
for those who fought
so well
110
And did they honour those who liv’d,
and weep for those who fell?
What meed of thanks was given to them
let aged annals tell.
Why should they bring the laurel-wreath,—why
crown the cup with wine?
It was not Frenchmen’s blood that
flow’d so freely on the Rhine,—
A stranger band of beggar’d men
had done the venturous deed; 115
The glory was to France alone, the danger
was their meed,
And what cared they for idle thanks from
foreign prince and peer?
What virtue had such honey’d words
the exiled heart to cheer?
What matter’d it that men should
vaunt, and loud and fondly swear
That higher feat of chivalry was never
wrought elsewhere? 120
They bore within their breast the grief
that fame can never heal,—
The deep, unutterable woe which none save
exiles feel.
Their hearts were yearning for the land
they ne’er might see again,—
For Scotland’s high and heather’d
hills, for mountains, loch and glen—
For those who haply lay at rest beyond
the distant sea, 125
Beneath the green and daisied turf where
they would gladly be!
Long years went by. The lonely isle
in Rhine’s tempestuous flood
Has ta’en another name from those
who bought it with their blood:
And, though the legend does not live,—for
legends lightly die—
The peasant, as he sees the stream in
winter rolling by, 130
And foaming o’er its channel-bed
between him and the spot
Won by the warriors of the sword, still
calls that deep
and dangerous
ford
The Passage of the Scot.
—Aytoun.
[1] serried. crowded.
[2] Mareschal. Marshal, an officer of the highest rank in the French army.
[3] Duguesclin. A noted French commander, famous for his campaigns against the English in the 14th century.
[4] Dundee. John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, a Scottish soldier. He raised a body of Highlanders in 1689 to fight for James II against William of Orange. At the battle of Killecrankie (1689) he was mortally wounded.
[5] The Pass. The Pass of Killecrankie.
[6] Garry. A river in Perthshire, Scotland.
[7] tartan. A Scotch plaid
[8] linn. A waterfall.
[9] claymore. The heavy broadsword used by the Highlanders.
[10] laurel-wreath. The laurel is an evergreen shrub found in parts of Europe. A wreath of laurel was a mark of distinction or honour.
DICKENS IN CAMP.
Above the pines the moon was slowly drifting,
The river sang below,
The dim Sierras,[1] far beyond, uplifting
Their minarets of snow.
The roaring camp-fire, with rude humor,
painted 5
The ruddy tints of health
On haggard face and form that drooped
and fainted
In the fierce race for wealth;
Till one arose, and from his pack’s
scant treasure
A hoarded volume drew,
10
And cards were dropped from hands of listless
leisure,
To hear the tale anew;
And then, while round them shadows gathered
faster,
And as the firelight fell,
He read aloud the book wherein the Master[2]
15
Had writ of “Little
Nell."[3]
Perhaps ’twas boyish fancy,—for
the reader
Was youngest of them all,—
But, as he read, from clustering pine
and cedar
A silence seemed to fall;
20
The fir-trees, gathering closer in the
shadows,
Listened in every spray,
While the whole camp, with “Nell,”
on English meadows
Wandered and lost their way.
And so in mountain solitudes—o’ertaken
25
As by some spell divine—
Their cares dropped from them like the
needles shaken
From out the gusty pine.
Lost is that camp, and wasted all its
fire:
And he who wrought that spell?—
30
Ah, towering pine and stately Kentish
spire,[4]
Ye have one tale[5] to tell!
Lost is that camp! but let its fragrant
story[6]
Blend with the breath that
thrills
With hop-vines’ incense[7] all the
pensive glory 35
That fills the Kentish hills.
And on that grave where English oak and
holly
And laurel wreaths intwine,[8]
Deem it not all a too presumptuous folly,—
This spray of Western pine.
40
—Harte.
[1] Sierra. A Spanish term, meaning a mountain range. The name Sierra was applied, of course, to a great many different ranges.
[2] the Master. Dickens.
[3] Little Nell. The heroine of Dickens’ novel, The Old Curiosity Shop.
[4] Dickens died at Gadshill, Kent, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
[5] one tale. Both they who heard the story, and he who wrote it, are dead.
[6] Let the fragrance of the western pine blend with the incense of the hop-vines in memory of Dickens. In other words, let me add this story as another tribute to his memory.
[7] hop-vines’ incense. The smell of the hop-vines. Kent is the chief hop-growing county of England.
[8] The great writers of England have done honour to Dickens.
A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.
I
What was he doing, the great god Pan,[1]
Down in the reeds by the river!
Spreading ruin, and scattering ban,
Splashing and paddling with hoofs of a
goat,
And breaking the golden lilies afloat
5
With the dragon-fly on the
river.
II
He tore out a reed, the great god Pan,
From the deep, cool bed of
the river.
The limpid water turbidly ran,
And the broken lilies a-dying lay,
10
And the dragon-fly had fled away,
Ere he brought it out of the
river.
III
High on the shore sat the great god Pan,
While turbidly flowed the
river,
And hacked and hewed as a great god can,
15
With his hard bleak steel, at the patient
reed,
Till there was not a sign of the leaf
indeed
To prove it fresh from the
river.
IV
He cut it short, did the great god Pan,
(How tall it stood in the
river!) 20
Then drew the pith, like the heart of
a man,
Steadily from the outside ring,
And notched the poor, dry, empty thing
In holes, as he sat by the
river.
V
“This is the way,” laughed
the great god Pan, 25
(Laughed while he sat by the
river,)
“The only way, since gods began
To make sweet music, they could succeed.”
Then, dropping his mouth to a hole in
the reed,
He blew in power by the river.
30
VI
Sweet, sweet, sweet, O Pan!
Piercing sweet by the river!
Blinding sweet, O great god Pan!
The sun on the lull forgot to die,
And the lilies revived, and the dragon-fly
35
Came back to dream on the
river.
VII
Yet half a beast is the great god Pan,
To laugh as he sits by the
river,
Making a poet out of a man:
The true gods[2] sigh for the cost and
pain,— 40
For the reed which grows nevermore again
As a reed with the reeds in
the river.
—Mrs. Browning.
[1] Pan. In Greek mythology, the god of pastures, forests and flocks. He was represented as half-man, half-goat, in appearance. He was the inventor of the shepherd’s flute.
[2] Pan was not one of the gods of Olympus, and was literally “half a beast.”
GRADATIM.[1]
Heaven is not reached at a single bound;
But we build the ladder by
which we rise
From the lowly earth to the
vaulted skies,
And we mount to the summit round by round.
I count this thing to be grandly true,
5
That a noble deed is a step
toward God—
Lifting the soul from the
common sod[2]
To a purer air and a broader view.
We rise by things that are under our feet;[3]
By what we have mastered of
good and gain; 10
By the pride deposed and the
passion slain,
And the vanquished ills that we hourly
meet.
We hope, we aspire, we resolve, we trust,
When the morning calls us
to life and light;
But our hearts grow weary,
and ere the night, 15
Our lives are trailing the sordid[4] dust.
We hope, we resolve, we aspire, we pray,
And we think that we mount
the air on wings
Beyond the recall of sensual
things,
While our feet still cling to the heavy
clay. 20
Wings for the angels, but feet for the
men![5]
We may borrow the wings to
find the way—
We may hope, and resolve,
and aspire, arid pray.
But our feet must rise, or we fall again.
Only in dreams is a ladder[6] thrown
25
From the weary earth to the
sapphire walls;
But the dreams depart, and
the vision falls,
And the Sleeper wakes on his pillow of
stone.
Heaven is not reached at a single bound;
But we build the ladder by
which we rise
From the lowly earth to the
vaulted skies, 30
And we mount to the summit round by round.
—Holland.
[1] Gradatim. A step at a time.
[2] the common sod. earthly things.
[3] See Longfellow, The Ladder of Saint Augustine.
[4] sordid. mean; base.
[5] Good resolves and aspirations ("wings”) are not sufficient. We can rise only step by step by overcoming the petty difficulties of everyday life.
[6] ladder. A reference to Jacob’s ladder (Genesis xxviii, 12).
A LAY SUNG AT THE FEAST OF CASTOR AND POLLUX,[2]
ON THE IDES OF QUINTILIS,[3]
IN THE YEAR OF THE CITY CCCCLI (B.C. 303).
[This is the feast of Castor and Pollux, and the anniversary of the battle of Lake Regillus, which they did so much to win. Let us remember them, and sing their praises.]
I
Ho, trumpets, sound a war-note!
Ho, lictors,[4] clear the
way!
The Knights[5] will ride, in all their
pride,
Along the streets to-day,
To-day the doors and windows
5
Are hung with garlands all,
From Castor[6] in the forum,[7]
To Mars without the wall.
Each Knight is robed in purple,
With olive each is crowned,
10
A gallant war-horse under each
Paws haughtily the ground.
While flows the Yellow River,[8]
While stands the Sacred Hill,[9]
The proud Ides of Quintilis,
15
Shall have such honour still.
Gay are the Martian Kalends:[10]
December’s Nones[11]
are gay:
But the proud Ides, when the squadron
rides,
Shall be Rome’s whitest[12]
day. 20
II
Unto the Great Twin Brethren
We keep this solemn feast.
Swift, swift, the Great Twin Brethren
Came spurring from the east.
They came o’er wild Parthenius[13]
25
Tossing in waves of pine,
O’er Cirrha’s dome,[14] o’er
Adria’s[15] foam,
O’er purple Apennine,
From where with flutes and dances
Their ancient mansion rings,
30
In lordly Lacedaemon,[16]
The city of two kings,
To where, by Lake Regillus,
Under the Porcian[17] height,
All in the lands of Tusculum,
35
Was fought the glorious fight.
III
Now on the place of slaughter
Are cots and sheepfolds seen,
And rows of vines, and fields of wheat,
And apple-orchards green;
40
And swine crush the big acorns
That fall from Corne’s[18]
oaks.
Upon the turf by the Fair Fount[19]
The reaper’s pottage
smokes.
The fisher baits his angle;
45
The hunter twangs his bow;
Little they think on those strong limbs
That moulder deep below.
Little they think how sternly
That day the trumpets pealed;
50
How in the slippery swamp of blood
Warrior and war-horse reeled;
How wolves came with fierce gallop,
And crows on eager wings,
To tear the flesh of captains,
55
And peck the eyes of kings;
How thick the dead lay scattered
Under the Porcian height:
How through the gates of Tusculum
Raved the wild stream of night;
60
And how the Lake Regillus
Bubbled with crimson foam,
What time the Thirty Cities[20]
Came forth to war with Rome.
IV
But, Roman, when thou standest
65
Upon that holy ground,
Look thou with heed on the dark rock.
That girds the dark lake round,
So shall thou see a hoof-mark[21]
Stamped deep into the flint:
70
It was no hoof of mortal steed
That made so strange a dint;
There to the Great Twin Brethren
Vow thou thy vows, and pray
That they, in tempest and in fight,
75
Will keep thy head alway.
[The Latins send a message calling on the Romans to restore the Tarquins. The consul proudly refuses, and a dictator is appointed. The Roman army encamps hard by Lake Regillus.]
Since last the Great Twin Brethren
Of mortal eyes were seen,
Have years gone by an hundred
And fourscore and thirteen.
80
That summer a Virginius[22]
Was Consul first in place;[23]
The second was stout Aulus,
Of the Posthumian race.
The Herald of the Latines
85
From Gabii[24] came in state:
The Herald of the Latines
Passed through Rome’s
Eastern Gate
The herald of the Latines
Did in our Forum stand;
90
And there he did his office,
A sceptre in his hand.
VI
“Hear, Senators and people
Of the good town of Rome,
The Thirty Cities charge you
95
To bring the Tarquins home:
And if ye still be stubborn,
To work the Tarquins wrong,
The Thirty Cities warn you,
Look that your walls be strong.”
100
VII
Then spake the Consul Aulus,
He spake a bitter jest:
“Once the jay sent a message
Unto the eagle’s nest:—
Now yield thou up thine eyrie
105
Unto the carrion-kite,
Or come forth valiantly, and face
The jays in deadly fight.—
Forth looked in wrath the eagle;
And carrion-kite and jay,
110
Soon as they saw his beak and claw,
Fled screaming far away.”
VIII
The Herald of the Latines
Hath hied him back in state;
The Fathers of the City
115
Are met in high debate.
Then spake the elder Consul,
An ancient man and wise:
“Now hearken, Conscript Fathers,[25]
To that which I advise.
120
In seasons of great peril
Tis good that one bear sway;
Then choose we a Dictator,
Whom all men shall obey.
Camerium[26] knows how deeply
125
The sword of Aulus bites,
And all our city calls him
The man of seventy fights.
Then let him be Dictator
For six months and no more,
130
And have a Master of the Knights,[27]
And axes twenty-four."[28]
IX
So Aulus was Dictator,
The man of seventy fights
He made Aebutius Elva
135
His Master of the Knights.
On the third morn thereafter,
At dawning of the day,
Did Aulus and Aebutius
Set forth with their array.
140
Sempronius Atratinus
Was left in charge at home
With boys, and with grey-headed men,
To keep the walls of Rome.
Hard by the Lake Regillus
145
Our camp was pitched at night:
Eastward a mile the Latines lay,
Under the Porcian height.
Far over hill and valley
Their mighty host was spread;
150
And with their thousand watch-fires
The midnight sky was red.
[The names of the towns which contributed to the Latin army of threescore thousand men, and their order of battle. All Latium was there to fight with Rome.]
Up rose the golden morning
Over the Porcian height,
The proud Ides of Quintilis
155
Marked evermore with white.
Not without; secret trouble
Our bravest saw the foes;
For girt by threescore thousand spears
The thirty standards rose.
160
From every warlike city
That boasts the Latian name,
Foredoomed to dogs and vultures,
That gallant army came;
From Sofia’s purple vineyards,
165
From Norba’s ancient
wall,
From the white streets of Tusculum,
The proudest town of all;
XI
Aricia, Cora, Norba,
Velitrae, with the might;
190
Of Setia and of Tusculum,
Were marshalled on the right:
The leader was Mamilius,
Prince of the Latian name,
Upon his head a helmet
195
Of red gold shone like flame:
High on a gallant charger
Of dark-grey hue he rode:
Over his gilded armour
A vest of purple flowed,
200
Woven in the land of sunrise
By Syria’s dark-browed
daughters,
And by the sails of Carthage[33] brought
Far o’er the southern
waters.
XII
Lavinium and Laurentum
205
Had on the left their post,
With all the banners of the marsh,
And banners of the coast.
Their leader was false Sextus,
That wrought the deed of shame:
210
With restless pace and haggard face
To his last field he came.
Men said he saw strange visions
Which none beside might see,
And that strange sounds were in his ears
215
Which none might hear but
he.
A woman[34] fair and stately,
But pale as are the dead,
Oft through the watches of the night
Sat spinning by his bed.
220
And as she plied the distaff,
In a sweet voice and low,
She sang of great old houses,
And fights fought long ago.
So spun she, and so sang she,
225
Until the east was grey,
Then pointed to her bleeding breast,
And shrieked, and fled away.
XIII
But in the centre thickest
Were ranged the shields of
foes, 230
And from the centre loudest
The cry of battle rose.
There Tibur[35] marched and Pedum
Beneath proud Tarquin’s
rule,
And Ferentinum of the rock,
235
And Gabii of the pool.
There rode the Volscian succours:
[The battle begins. False Sextus flees from Herminius, one of the defenders of the bridge. Aebutius slays Tubero, but is severely wounded by Mamilius of Tusculum, and retires from the fight.]
XIV
Now on each side the leaders
Gave signal for the charge;
And on each side the footmen
255
Strode on with lance and targe;[38]
And on each side the horsemen
Struck their spurs deep in
gore;
And front to front, the armies
Met with a mighty roar:
260
And under that great battle
The earth with blood was red;
And, like the Pomptine[39] fog at morn,
The dust hung overhead;
And louder still and louder
265
Rose from the darkened field
The braying of the war-horns,
The clang of sword and shield,
The rush of squadrons sweeping
Like whirlwinds o’er
the plain,
The shouting of the slayers,
270
And screeching of the slain.
XV
False Sextus rode out foremost:
His look was high and bold;
His corslet was of bison’s hide,
275
Plated with steel and gold.
As glares the famished eagle
From the Digentian rock[40]
On a choice lamb that bounds alone
Before Bandusia’s[41]
flock, 280
Herminius glared on Sextus,
And came with eagle speed,
Herminius on black Auster,[42]
Brave champion on brave steed;
In his right hand the broadsword
285
That kept the bridge so well,
And on his helm the crown[43] he won
When proud Fidenae fell.
Woe to the maid whose lover
Shall cross his path to-day!
290
False Sextus saw, and trembled,
And turned, and fled away.
As turns, as flies, the woodman
In the Calabrian[44] brake,
When through the reeds gleams the round
eye 295
Of that fell speckled snake;
So turned, so fled, false Sextus,
And hid him in the rear,
Behind the dark Lavinian ranks,
Bristling with crest and spear.
300
XVI
But far to north Aebutius,
The Master of the Knights,
Gave Tubero of Norba
To feed the Porcian kites.
Next under those red horse-hoofs
305
Flaccus of Setia lay;
Better had he been pruning
Among his elms[45] that day.
Mamilius saw the slaughter,
And tossed his golden crest,
310
And towards the Master of the Knights
Through the thick battle pressed.
Aebutias smote Mamilius
So fiercely, on the shield
That the great lord of Tusculum
315
Well nigh rolled on the field.
Mamilius smote Aebutius,
With a good aim and true,
Just where the neck and shoulder join,
And pierced him through and
through; 320
And brave Aebutius Elva
Fell swooning to the ground:
But a thick wall of bucklers
Encompassed him around.
His clients[46] from the battle
325
Bare him some little space,
And filled a helm from the dark lake,
And bathed his brow and face;
And when at last he opened
His swimming eyes to light,
330
Men say, the earliest word he spake
Was, “Friends, how goes
the fight?”
[The struggle in the centre, where the ancient Tarquin is struck down. The Latins fight over him as he lies, and Titus kills Valerius, round whose body the struggle waxes hot.]
XVII
But meanwhile in the centre
Great deeds of arms were wrought;
There Aulus the Dictator
335
And there Valerius fought.
Aulus with his good broadsword
A bloody passage cleared
To where, amidst the thickest foes,
He saw the long white beard.
340
Flat lighted that good broadsword
Upon proud Tarquin’s
head.
He dropped the lance: he dropped
the reins:
He fell as fall the dead.
Down Aulus springs to slay him,
345
With eyes like coals of fire;
But faster Titus[47] hath sprung down,
And hath bestrode his sire.
Latian captains, Roman knights,
Fast down to earth they spring,
350
And hand to hand they fight on foot
Around the ancient king.
First Titus gave tall Caeso
A death wound in the face;
Tall Caeso was the bravest man
355
Of the brave Fabian[48] race:
Aulus slew Rex of Gabii,
The priest of Juno’s
shrine:
Valerius smote down Julius,
Of Rome’s great Julian
line;[49] 360
Julius, who left his mansion
High on the Velian hill,[50]
And through all turns of weal and woe
Followed proud Tarquin still.
Now right across proud Tarquin
365
XVIII
But fiercer grew the fighting
385
Around Valerius dead;
For Titus dragged him by the foot,
And Aulus by the head.
“On, Latines, on!” quoth Titus,
“See how the rebels
fly!” 390
“Romans, stand firm!” quoth
Aulus,
“And win this fight
or die!
They must not give Valerius
To raven and to kite;
For aye Valerius loathed the wrong,
395
And aye upheld the right:
And for your wives and babies
In the front rank he fell.
Now play the men for the good house
That loves the people well!”
400
XIX
Then tenfold round the body
The roar of battle rose,
Like the roar of a burning forest,
“When a strong north
wind blows.
Now backward, and now forward,
405
Rocked furiously the fray,
Till none could see Valerius,
And none wist where he lay.
For shivered arms and ensigns
Were heaped there in a mound,
410
And corpses stiff, and dying men,
That writhed and gnawed the
ground,
And wounded horses kicking,
And snorting purple foam:
Right well did such a couch befit
415
A Consular of Rome.
[Mamilius is seen coming to the aid of the Latins. Cossus gallops off to summon Herminus, who comes at once. Mamilius flings himself athwart his course, and both champions are slain.]
XX
But north looked the Dictator;
North looked he long and hard;
And spake to Caius Cossus,
The Captain of his Guard:
420
“Caius, of all the Romans
Thou hast the keenest sight;
Say, what through yonder storm of dust
Comes from the Latian right?”
XXI
Then answered Caius Cossus
425
“I see an evil sight;
The banner of proud Tusculum
Comes from the Latian right:
I see the plumed horsemen;
And far before the rest
430
I see the dark-grey charger,
I see the purple vest,
I see the golden helmet
That shines far off like flame;
So ever rides Mamilius,
435
Prince of the Latian name.”
XXII
“Now hearken, Caius Cossus:
Spring on thy horse’s
back;
Ride as the wolves of Apennine
Were all upon thy track;
440
Haste to our southward battle:
And never draw thy rein
Until thou find Herminius,
And bid him come amain.”
XXIII
So Aulus spake, and turned him
445
Again to that fierce strife,
And Caius Cossus mounted,
And rode for death and life.
Loud clanged beneath his horse-hoofs
The helmets of the dead,
450
And many a curdling pool of blood
Splashed him from heel to
head.
So came he far to southward,
Where fought the Roman host,
Against the banners of the marsh
455
And banners of the coast.
Like corn before the sickle
The stout Lavinians fell,
Beneath the edge of the true sword
That kept the bridge so well.
460
XXIV
“Herminius: Aulus greets thee;
He bids thee come with speed,
To help our central battle:
For sore is there our need.
There wars the youngest Tarquin,
465
And there the Crest of Flame,[51]
The Tusculan Mamilius,
Prince of the Latian name.
Valerius hath fallen fighting
In front of our array:
470
And Aulus of the seventy fields
Alone upholds the day.”
XXV
Herminius beat his bosom:
But never a word he spake.
He clapped his hand on Auster’s
mane, 475
He gave the reins a shake:
Away, away went Auster,
Like an arrow from the bow:
Black Auster was the fleetest steed
From Aufidus to Po.[52]
480
XXVI
Right glad were all the Romans
Who, in that hour of dread,
Against great odds bare up the war
Around Valerius dead,
When from the south the cheering
485
Rose with a mighty swell;
“Herminius comes, Herminius,
Who kept the bridge so well!”
XXVII
Mamilius spied Herminius,
And dashed across the way.
490
“Herminius! I have sought
thee
Through many a bloody day.
One of us two, Herminius,
Shall never more go home,
I will lay on for Tusculum,
495
And lay thou on for Rome!”
XXVIII
All round them paused the battle,
While met in mortal fray
The Roman and the Tusculan,
The horses black and grey.
500
Herminius smote Mamilius
Through breast-plate and through
breast,
And fast flowed out the purple blood
Over the purple vest.
[Mamilius’ charger dashes off to Tusculum, Black Auster remains by his master’s body. Titus attempts to mount him, but is slain by Aulus the Dictator.]
XXIX
Fast, fast, with heels wild spurning,
The dark-grey charger fled:
He burst through ranks of fighting men;
515
He sprang o’er heaps
of dead.
His bridle far out-streaming,
His flanks all blood and foam,
He sought the southern mountains,
The mountains of his home.
520
The pass was steep and rugged,
The wolves they howled and
whined;
But he ran like a whirlwind up the pass,
And he left the wolves behind.
Through many a startled hamlet
525
Thundered his flying feet;
He rushed through the gate of Tusculum,
He rushed up the long white
street;
He rushed by tower and temple,
And paused not from his race
530
Till he stood before his master’s
door
In the stately market-place.
And straightway round him gathered
A pale and trembling crowd,
And when they knew him, cries of rage
535
Brake forth, and wailing loud:
And women rent their tresses
For their great prince’s
fall;
And old men girt on their old swords,
And went to man the wall.
540
XXX
But, like a graven image,
Black Auster kept his place,
And ever wistfully he looked
Into his master’s face.
The raven-mane that daily,
545
With pats and fond caresses,
The young Herminia washed and combed,
And twined in even tresses,
And decked with coloured ribands
From her own gay attire,
550
Hung sadly o’er her father’s
corpse
In carnage and in mire.
Forth with a shout sprang Titus,
And seized Black Auster’s
rein.
Then Aulus sware a fearful oath,
555
And ran at him amain.
“The furies of thy brother[53]
With me and mine abide,
If one of your accursed house
Upon black Auster ride!”
560
As on an Alpine watch-tower
From heaven comes down the
flame,
Full on the neck of Titus
The blade of Aulus came:
And out the red blood spouted,
565
In a wide arch and tall,
As spouts a fountain in the court
Of some rich Capuan’s[54]
hall.
The knees of all the Latines
Were loosened with dismay
570
When dead, on dead Herminius,
The bravest Tarquin lay.
[Aulus prepares to mount black Auster, when he spies two strange horsemen by his side. These are Castor and Pollux, who charge at the head of the Roman army.]
XXXI
And Aulus the Dictator
Stroked Auster’s raven
mane,
With heed he looked unto the girths,
575
With heed unto the rein.
“Now bear me well, black Auster,
Into yon thick array;
And thou and I will have revenge
For thy good lord this day.”
580
XXXII
So spake he; and was buckling
Tighter black Auster’s
band,
When he was aware of a princely pair
That rode at his right hand.
So like they were, no mortal
585
Might one from other know:
White as snow their armour was;
Their steeds were white as
snow.
Never on earthly anvil
Did such rare armour gleam;
590
And never did such gallant steeds
Drink of an earthly stream.
XXXIII
And all who saw them trembled,
And pale grew every cheek,
And Aulus the Dictator
595
Scarce gathered voice to speak.
“Say by what name men call you?
What city is your home?
And wherefore ride ye in such guise
Before the ranks of Rome?”
600
XXXIV
“By many names men call us;
In many lands we dwell;
Well Samothracia[55] knows us,
Cyrene knows us well.
Our house in gay Tarentum[56]
605
Is hung each morn with flowers:
High o’er the masts of Syracuse[57]
Our marble portal towers;
But by the proud Eurotas[58]
Is our dear native home;
610
And for the right we come to fight
Before the ranks of Rome.”
XXXV
So answered those strange horsemen,
And each couched low his spear;
And forthwith all the ranks of Rome
615
Were bold, and of good cheer;
And on the thirty armies
Came wonder and affright,
And Ardea wavered on the left,
And Cora on the right.
620
“Rome to the charge!” cried
Aulus;
“The foe begins to yield!
Charge for the hearth of Vesta![59]
Charge for the Golden Shield![60]
Let no man stop to plunder,
625
But slay, and slay, and slay:
The Gods who live forever
Are on our side to-day.”
[The Latins turn and flee. Many of their chiefs are slain, and above all false Sextus, who dies a coward’s death.]
XXXVI
Then the fierce trumpet-flourish
From earth to heaven arose.
630
The kites know well the long stern swell
That bids the Romans close.
Then the good sword of Aulus
Was lifted up to slay:
Then, like a crag down Apennine,
635
Rushed Auster through the
fray.
But under those strange horsemen
Still thicker lay the slain:
And after those strange horses
Black Auster toiled in vain.
640
Behind them Rome’s long battle
Came rolling on the foe,
Ensigns dancing wild above,
Blades all in line below,
So comes the Po in flood-time
645
Upon the Celtic plain:[61]
So comes the squall, blacker than night,
Upon the Adrian main.
How, by our Sire Quirinus,[62]
It was a goodly sight
650
To see the thirty standards
Swept down the tide of flight.
So flies the spray of Adria
When the black squall doth
blow,
So corn-sheaves in the flood-time
655
Spin down the whirling Po.
False Sextus to the mountains
Turned first his horse’s
head;
And fast fled Ferentinum,
And fast Lanuvium fled.
660
The horsemen of Nomentum
Spurred hard out of the fray,
The footmen of Velitrae
Threw shield and spear away.
And underfoot was trampled,
665
Amidst the mud and gore,
The banner of proud Tusculum,
That never stooped before:
And down went Flavius Faustus,
Who led his stately ranks
670
From where the apple-blossoms wave
On Anio’s echoing banks,
And Tullus of Arpinum,
Chief of the Volscian aids,
And Metius with the long fair curls,
675
The love of Anxur’s
maids,
And the white head of Vulgo,
The great Arician seer,
And Nepos of Laurentum,
The hunter of the deer;
680
And in the back false Sextus
Felt the good Roman steel;
And wriggling in the dust he died,
Like a worm beneath the wheel:
And fliers and pursuers
685
Were mingled in a mass;
And far away the battle
Went roaring through the pass.
[The Dioscuri ride to Rome with news of victory. No one dares to ask who they are, and after washing their steeds in Vesta’s fountain they vanish from mortal sight.]
XXXVII
Sempronius Atratinus
Sate in the Eastern Gate,
690
Beside him were three Fathers,
Each in his chair of state;
Fabius, whose nine stout grandsons
That day were in the field,
And Manlius, eldest of the Twelve[63]
XXXVIII
“Hail to the great Asylum![65]
Hail to the hill-tops seven!
Hail to the fire[66] that burns for aye!
And the shield that fell from
heaven!
This day, by Lake Regillus,
725
Under the Porcian height,
All in the lands of Tusculum
Was fought a glorious fight.
To-morrow your Dictator
Shall bring in triumph home
730
The spoils of thirty cities
To deck the shrines of Rome!”
XXXIX
Then burst from that great concourse
A shout that shook the towers,
And some ran north, and some ran south,
735
Crying, “The day is
ours!”
But on rode these strange horsemen,
With slow and lordly pace;
And none who saw their bearing
Durst ask their name or race.
740
On rode they to the Forum,
While laurel-boughs and flowers,
From house-tops and from windows,
Fell on their crests in showers.
When they drew nigh to Vesta,
745
They vaulted down amain,
And washed their horses in the well
That springs by Vesta’s
fane.
And straight again they mounted,
And rode to Vesta’s
door; 750
Then, like a blast, away they passed,
And no man saw them more.
[The Pontiff tells the Romans who their god-like visitors are, and bids the citizens build a temple to them and establish an annual procession in their honour.]
XL
And all the people trembled,
And pale grew every cheek;
And Sergius the High Pontiff
755
Alone found voice to speak:
“The gods who live for ever
Have fought for Rome to-day!
These be the Great Twin Brethren
—Macaulay.
[1] Ten years after the siege of Rome by Lars Porsena, the Latins, under Mamilius of Tusculum, made a last attempt to force the Romans to restore the Tarquin kings. A battle was fought at Lake Regillus (B.C. 498) between the Latins and the Romans, in which the Romans were successful. Lake Regillus has disappeared and its exact site is no longer known. It is supposed to have been situated at the foot of the Tusculan hills, about ten miles to the southeast of Rome.
[2] Castor and Pollux were twin deities, the sons of Zeus (or Jupiter). Their birthplace was Sparta, in Greece, and there they had their chief temple.
[3] Ides of Quintilis. The fifteenth of July.
[4] lictors. The body-guard of the magistrates, armed with rods and axes.
[5] The Knights. The cavalry.
[6] Castor, and Mars. The temples of Castor and of Mars.
[7] Forum. The market-place, or public square.
[8] Yellow River. The Tiber, so called from its yellow sands.
[9] Sacred Hill. A famous hill about three miles from Rome.
[10] Martian Kalends. The first of March, on which a feast to Juno was held.
[11] December’s Nones. December the fifth, on which was held a feast to Faunus, a god of the flocks and herds.
[12] whitest. We should say “a red-letter day.”
[13] Parthemus. A mountain range in Greece.
[14] Cirrha’s dome. The dome of the temple of Apollo at Delphi, near Cirrha, in Greece.
[15] Adria. The Adriatic.
[16] Lacedaemon. Sparta, which was governed by two kings representing two great families.
[17] Porcian height. Monte Porzio, near the scene of the battle.
[18] Corne. A hill near Tusculum.
[19] Fair Fount. A spring in the vicinity.
[20] Thirty Cities. The Latin cities, banded together in aid of the Tarquins.
[21]"One spot on the margin of Lake Regillus was regarded during many ages with superstitious awe. A mark, resembling in shape a horse’s hoof, was discernible in the volcanic rock; and this mark was believed to have been made by one of the celestial chargers.”—Macaulay.
[22] a Virginius. One of the family of the Virginii.
[23] The consul who was elected first was usually held in greater honour than the other.
[24] Gabii. A Latin city about twelve miles from Rome.
[25] Conscript Fathers. The senate. The original expression is patres conscripti (patres et conscripti), patres referring to the patrician element, and conscripti to the plebeian element in the senate.
[26] Camerium. One of the Latin cities.
[27] Master of the Knights. Chief lieutenant.
[28] The Consuls usually had twelve lictors each; the Dictator twenty-four.
[29] Witch’s Fortress. The town of Circeii, which Macaulay associates here with Circe, the enchantress.
[30] ghastly priest. The temple of Diana, in a grove near Aricia, had for its priest a runaway slave, who was to hold office until slain by another runaway slave stronger than he.
[31] Ufens. A river.
[32] Laurentian jungle. Marshy thickets near the town of Laurentum.
[33] Carthage. On the north coast of Africa. The Carthaginians were a commercial and sea-faring people.
[34] a woman. Lucretia. After she had been wronged by Sextus, she stabbed herself and died.
[35] Tibur. The modern city of Tivoli.
[36] Soracte. A snow-capped mountain about twenty-five miles from Rome.
[37] Apulian. Apulia was one of the divisions of Italy.
[38] targe. shield.
[39] Pomptine. The Pontine marshes in the southern part of Latium.
[40] Digentian rock. A crag near the river Digentia.
[41] Bandusia. A fountain.
[42] Auster. The word signifies “the stormy south wind.”
[43] crown. The first Roman to scale the walls of a besieged town received a crown of gold.
[44] Calabrian. Calabria forms the “heel” of Italy.
[45] Pruning the vines entwined around the trunks of the elms.
[46] clients. Servants attached to the Patrician families.
[47] Titus. Son of Tarquin the Proud.
[48] Fabian. The Fabii were a famous Roman family.
[49] The Julian house claimed to be descended from Iulus, son of Aeneas.
[50] Velian hill. The Velian hill was not far from the Forum in Rome.
[51] Crest of Flame. The flaming crest on the helmet of Mamilius. See l. 434.
[52] From Aufidus to Po. In all Italy. Aufidus was a river in the south of Italy; Po, a river in the north.
[53] thy brother. False Sextus, supposed to be haunted by the furies (the Greek goddesses of Vengeance) for his crime.
[54] Capuan. Capua was a luxurious city in southern Italy.
[55] Samothracia. An island in the Aegean, where Castor and Pollux were worshipped.
[56] Tarentum. A Greek town in the south of Italy.
[57] Syracuse. An important city in Sicily.
[58] Eurotas. A river in Greece, flowing past the city of Sparta.
[59] Vesta. The goddess of the hearth.
[60] Golden Shield. The shield of Mars which had fallen from heaven during the reign of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome.
[61] Celtic plain. The north of Italy, inhabited by Celtic tribes.
[62] Sire Quirinus. Romulus, the founder of Rome.
[63] The Twelve. In order to prevent the shield of Mars from being stolen, eleven others were made after the same pattern, and twelve priests were appointed to guard the twelve shields.
[64] High Pontiff. The chief priest.
[65] Asylum. Romulus was said to have promised a refuge to all fugitives, in the newly-founded city of Rome.
[66] the fire. In the temple of Vesta.
[67] Dorians. The Spartans belonged to the Dorian branch of the Greek people.
[68] Castor and Pollux were the special guardians of sailors at sea. When, during a thunderstorm, a light played around the masts and sails of the ship, Castor and Pollux were supposed to be present, watching over the fortunes of the vessel.
THE VISION OF SIR LAUNFAL.
PRELUDE TO PART FIRST.
Over his keys the musing organist,
Beginning doubtfully and far
away,
First lets his fingers wander as they
list,
And builds a bridge from Dreamland
for his lay:
Then, as the touch of his loved instrument
5
Gives hopes and fervor, nearer
draws his theme,
First guessed by faint auroral flushes
sent
Along the wavering vista of
his dream.[1]
Not
only around our infancy
Doth
heaven with all its splendors lie; 10
Daily,
with souls that cringe and plot,
We
Sinais[2] climb and know it not;
Over our manhood bond the skies,
Against our fallen and traitor
lives
The great winds utter prophecies;
15
With our faint hearts the
And what is so rare as a day in June?
Then, if ever, come perfect
days;
Then Heaven tries the earth if it be in
tune, 35
And over it softly her warm
ear lays:
Whether we look, or whether we listen,
We hear life murmur, or see it glisten;
Every clod feels a stir of might,
An instinct within it that
reaches and towers, 40
And, grasping blindly above it for light,
Climbs to a soul for grass
and flowers;
The flush of life may well be seen
Thrilling back over hills
and valleys;
The cowslip startles in meadows green,
45
The buttercup catches the
sun in its chalice,
And there’s never a leaf or a blade
too mean
To be some happy creature’s
palace,
The little bird sits at his door in the
sun,
Atilt like a blossom among
the leaves, 50
And lets his illumined being o’errun
With the deluge of summer
it receives;
His mate feels the eggs beneath her wings,
And the heart in her dumb breast flutters
and sings;
He sings to the wide world, and she to
her nest,— 55
In the nice[8] ear of nature which song
is the best?
Now is the high-tide of the year,
And whatever of life hath
ebbed away
Comes flooding back, with a ripply cheer,
Into every bare inlet and
creek and bay; 60
Now the heart is so full that a drop overfills
it,
We are happy now because God so wills
it;
No matter how barren the past may have
been,
’Tis enough for us now that the
leaves are green.
We sit in the warm shade and feel right
well 65
How the sap creeps up and the blossoms
swell;
We may shut our eyes, but we cannot help
knowing
That skies are clear and grass is growing;
The breeze comes whispering in our ear,
That dandelions are blossoming near,
70
That maize has sprouted, that
streams are flowing,
That the river is bluer than the sky,
That the robin is plastering his house
hard by:
And if the breeze kept the good news back,
I
“My golden spurs now bring to me,
And bring to me my richest
mail,
For to-morrow I go over land and sea
In search of the Holy Grail;[12]
Shall never a bed for me be spread.
100
Nor shall a pillow be under my head,
Till I begin my vow to keep,
Here on the rushes[13] will I sleep,
And perchance there may come a vision
true
Ere day create the world anew.”
105
Slowly Sir Launfal’s
eyes grew dim,
Slumber fell like a cloud
on him,
And into his soul the vision flew.
II
The crows flapped over by twos and threes,
In the pool drowsed the cattle up to their
knees, 110
The little birds sang as if
it were
The one day of summer in all
the year
And the very leaves seemed to sing on
the trees
The castle alone in the landscape lay
Like an outpost of winter, dull and gray;
115
’T was the proudest hall in the
North Countree,[14]
And never its gates might opened be,
Save to lord or lady of high degree;
Summer besieged it on every side,
But the churlish stone her
assaults defied; 120
She could not scale the chilly wall,
Though round it for leagues her pavilions
tall[16]
Stretched left and right,
Over the hills and out of sight;
Green and broad was every
tent, 125
And out of each a murmur went
Till the breeze fell off at night.
III
The drawbridge dropped with a surly clang,
And through the dark arch a charger sprang,
Bearing Sir Launfal, the maiden knight,
130
In his gilded mail, that flamed so bright
It seemed the dark castle had gathered
all
Those shafts the fierce sun had shot over
its wall
In his siege of three hundred
summers long,
And, binding them all in one blazing sheaf,
135
Had cast them forth; so, young
and strong,
And lightsome as a locust leaf,
Sir Launfal flashed forth in his unscarred
mail,
To seek in all climes for the Holy Grail.
IV
It was morning on hill and stream and
tree, 140
And morning in the young knight’s
heart;
Only the castle moodily
Rebuffed the gifts of the sunshine free,
And gloomed by itself apart;
The season brimmed all other things up
145
Full as the rain fills the pitcher-plant’s
cup.
V
As Sir Launfal made morn through the darksome
gate,
He was ware of a leper, crouched
by the same,
Who begged with his hand and moaned as
he sate;
And a loathing over Sir Launfal
came, 150
The sunshine went out of his soul with
a thrill,
The flesh ’neath his
armor did shrink and crawl.
And midway its leap his heart stood still
Like a frozen waterfall;
For this man, so foul and bent of stature,
155
Rasped harshly against his dainty nature,
And seemed the one blot on the summer
morn,—
So he tossed him a piece of gold in scorn.
VI
The leper raised not the gold from the
dust:
“Better to me the poor man’s
crust, 160
Better the blessing of the poor,
Though I turn me empty from his door;
That is no true alms which the hand can
hold;
He gives nothing but worthless gold
Who gives from a sense of
duty; 165
But he who gives a slender mite,[16]
And gives to that which is out of sight,
That thread of the all-sustaining
Beauty
Which runs through all and doth all unite,—
The hand cannot clasp the whole of his
alms, 170
The heart outstretches its eager palms,
For a god goes with it and makes it store[17]
To the soul that was starving in darkness
before.”
PRELUDE TO PART SECOND.
Down swept the chill wind from the mountain
peak,
From the snow five thousand
summers old: 175
On open wold and hill-top bleak
It had gathered all the cold,
And whirled it like a sheet on the wanderer’s
cheek;
It carried a shiver everywhere
From the unleafed boughs and pastures
bare; 180
The little brook heard it and built a
roof
’Neath which he could house him,
winter-proof:
All night by the white stars’ frosty
Within the hall are song and laughter,
The cheeks of Christmas glow
red and jolly,
And sprouting is every corbel[22] and
rafter
With the lightsome green of
ivy and holly;
Through the deep gulf[23] of the chimney
wide 215
Wallows the Yule-log’s[24] roaring
tide;
The broad flame-pennons droop and flap
And belly and tug as a flag
in the wind;
Like a locust shrills the imprisoned sap,
Hunted to death in its galleries
blind; 220
And swift little troops of silent sparks,
Now pausing, now scattering
away as in fear,
Go threading the soot-forest’s tangled
darks
Like herds of startled deer.
But the wind without was eager and sharp,
225
Of Sir Launfal’s gray hair it makes
a harp,
And rattles and
wrings
The icy strings,
Singing, in dreary monotone,
A Christmas carol of its own,
230
Whose burden[25] still, as he might guess,
Was—“Shelterless, shelterless,
shelterless!”
The voice of the seneschal[26] flared
like a torch
As he shouted the wanderer away from the
porch,
And he sat in the gateway and saw all
night 235
The great hall-fire, so cheery
and bold,
Through the window-slits of
the castle old,
Build out its piers of ruddy light
Against the drift of the cold.
I
There was never a leaf on bush or tree
240
The bare boughs rattled shudderingly;
The river was dumb and could not speak,
For the frost’s swift
shuttles its shroud had spun;
A single crow on the tree-top bleak
From his shining feathers shed off the
cold sun; 245
Again it was morning, but shrunk and cold,
As if her veins were sapless and old,
And she rose up decrepitly
For a last dim look at earth and sea.
II
Sir Launfal turned from his own hard gate,
250
For another heir in his earldom sate;
An old, bent man, worn out and frail,
He came back from seeking the Holy Grail;
Little he recked of his earldom’s
loss,
No more on his surcoat[27] was blazoned
the cross, 255
But deep in his soul the sign he wore,
The badge of the suffering and the poor.
III
Sir Launfal’s raiment thin and spare
Was idle mail ’gainst the barbed
air,
For it was just at the Christmas time;
260
So he mused, as he sat, of a sunnier clime,
And sought for a shelter from cold and
snow
In the light and warmth of long ago;[28]
He sees the snake-like caravan crawl
O’er the edge of the desert, black
and small, 265
Then nearer and nearer, till, one by one,
He can count the camels in the sun,
As over the red-hot sands they pass
To where, in its slender necklace of grass,
The little spring laughed and leapt in
the shade, 270
And with its own self like an infant played,
And waved its signal of palms.
IV
“For Christ’s sweet sake,
I beg an alms;”
The happy camels may reach the spring,
But Sir Launfal sees naught save the
grewsome thing,[29]
275
The leper, lank as the rain-blanched bone,
That cowered beside him, a thing as lone
And white as the ice-isles of Northern
seas
In the desolate horror of his disease.
V
And Sir Launfal said,—“I
behold in thee 280
An image of Him who died on the tree;[30]
Thou also hast had thy crown of thorns,—
Thou also hast had the world’s buffets
and scorns.
And to thy life were not denied
The wounds in the hands and feet and side;
285
Mild Mary’s Son, acknowledge me;
Behold, through him, I give to thee!”
VI
Then the soul of the leper stood up in
his eyes
And looked at Sir Launfal,
and straightway he
Remembered in what a haughtier guise
290
He had flung an alms to leprosie,
“When he caged his young life up
in gilded mail
And set forth in search of the Holy Grail,
The heart within him was ashes and dust;
He parted in twain his single crust,
295
He broke the ice on the streamlet’s
VII
As Sir Launfal mused with a downcast face,
A light shone round about the place;
The leper no longer crouched at his side,
But stood before him glorified,
305
Shining and tall and fair and straight
As the pillar that stood by the Beautiful
Gate,—[31]
Himself the Gate whereby men can
Enter the temple of God in Man.[32]
VIII
His words were shed softer than leaves
from the pine,
310
And they fell on Sir Launfal as snows
on the brine,
Which mingle their softness and quiet
in one
With the shaggy unrest they float down
upon;
And the voice that was calmer than silence
said,
“Lo, it is I, be not
afraid! 315
In many climes, without avail,
Thou has spent thy life for the Holy Grail;
Behold it is here,—this cup
which thou
Didst fill at the streamlet for me but
now;
This crust is my body broken for thee,
320
This water His blood that died on the
tree;[33]
The Holy Supper is kept, indeed,
In whatso we share with another’s
need,—
Not that which we give, but what we share,—
For the gift without the giver is bare;
325
Who bestows himself with his alms feeds
three,—
Himself, his hungering neighbor, and me.”
IX
Sir Launfal awoke, as from a swound;—
“The Grail in my castle here is
found!
Hang my idle armor up on the wall,
330
Let it be the spider’s banquet-hall;
He must be fenced with stronger mail
Who would seek and find the Holy Grail.”
X
The castle-gate stands open now,
And the wanderer is welcome to the hall
335
As the hangbird[34] is to the elm-tree
bough,
No longer scowl the turrets
tall,
The Summer’s long siege at last
is o’er;
When the first poor outcast went in at
the door,
She entered with him in disguise,
340
And mastered the fortress by surprise;
There is no spot she loves so well on
ground.
She lingers and smiles there the whole
year round;
The meanest serf on Sir Launfal’s
land
Has hall and bower at his command;
345
And there’s no poor man in the North
Countree
But is lord of the earldom as much as
he.
—Lowell.
[1] Just as the organist gets into the spirit of his theme by means of a dreamy prelude, so the poet by means of this introduction intends to suggest the spirit of the poem that follows.
[2] Sinais. See Exodus, xix and xx.
[3] Druid. The druids were the priests of the ancient Celts.
[4] benedicite. Blessing, benediction.
[5] No matter how engrossed we may be with worldly things, Nature is always influencing us for good.
[6] shrives. Hears confession and grants absolution.
[7] We give our lives in pursuit of foolish things. The cap and bells was a part of the costume of the court jester.
[8] nice. discriminating, able to make fine distinctions.
[9] chanticleer. A crowing cock. The bird that “sings clear.”
[10] rifts. Literally, clefts or fissures; used metaphorically here with reference to the effects of “passion and woe” on the soul.
[11] Sir Launfal. A Knight of King Arthur’s Round Table.
[12] Holy Grail. According to legend, the Holy Grail is the cup or bowl from which Christ drank at the Last Supper, and which was used by Joseph of Arimathea to receive the blood from Christ’s wounds when his body was removed from the cross. The Grail was taken to England by Joseph of Arimathea, and at his death it remained in the keeping of his descendants. But in the course of time, owing to the impurity of life of its guardians, the Grail disappeared; and thereafter it appeared only to those whose lives were free from sin. The search for the Grail was undertaken by many of the knights of the Round Table, but only one knight, Sir Galahad, was pure enough to see the vision.
[13] rushes. Rushes were used in Mediaeval times to strew the floors of the feudal castles.
[14] North Countree. The north of England.
[15] Pavilion and tent, as here used, refer to the trees.
[16] See Luke, xxi, 1-4.
[17] store. plenty.
[18] groined. The groin is the line made by the intersection of two arches.
[19] crypt. A subterranean cell or chapel.
[20] relief. Figures are said to be in relief when they project or stand out from the ground on which they are formed.
[21] arabesques. A style of ornament, representing flowers, fruit, and foliage, adopted from the Arabs.
[22] corbel. A projection from the face of a wall, supporting an arch or rafter above.
[23] gulf. The opening, or throat, of the chimney.
[24] Yule-log. A great log of wood laid, in ancient times, across the hearth-fire on Christmas Eve.
[25] burden. refrain.
[26] seneschal. High-steward; the officer who had charge of feasts and other ceremonies.
[27] surcoat. A cloak worn over the armour of a knight. The surcoat of a Christian knight, was generally white, with a large red cross displayed conspicuously ("blazoned”) upon it.
[28] He tried to forget the cold and snow, by calling to mind pictures of the hot desert.
[29] grewsome. horrible, hideous.
[30] tree. the cross.
[31] Beautiful Gate. See John, x, 7.
[32] temple of God in Man. “Know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost?” I Cor., vi, 19.
[33] See Luke, xxii, 19, 20.
[34] hangbird. oriole.
THE BUILDERS.
All are architects of Fate,
Working in these walls of
Time,[1]
Some with massive deeds and great,
Some with ornaments of rhyme.
Nothing useless is, or low;
5
Each thing in its plane is
best;
And what seems but idle show
Strengthens and supports the
rest.
For the structure that we raise,
Time is with materials filled;
10
Our to-days and yesterdays
Are the blocks with which
we build.
Truly shape and fashion these;
Leave no yawning gaps between;
Think not, because no man sees,
15
Such things will remain unseen.
In the elder days of Art,
Builders wrought with greatest
care
Each minute and unseen part;
For the Gods see everywhere.
20
Let us do our work as well,
Both the unseen and the seen;
Make the house, where Gods may dwell,
Beautiful, entire and clean.
Else our lives are incomplete,
25
Standing in these walls of
Time,
Broken stairways, where the feet
Stumble as they seek to climb.
Build to-day, then, strong and sure
With a firm and ample base
30
And ascending and secure
Shall to-morrow find its place.
Thus alone can we attain
To those turrets, where the
eye
Sees the world as one vast plain,
35
And one boundless reach of
sky.[2]
—Longfellow.
[1] The figure seems to be that of a great edifice (Time) within which we are building stairways (our lives) which enable us to rise to higher levels.
[2] We gain a broader outlook on life.
BRITISH FREEDOM.[1]
It is not to be thought of that the flood
Of British freedom, which, to the open
sea
Of the world’s praise, from dark
antiquity
Hath flow’d “with pomp of
waters unwithstood”—[2]
Roused though it be full often to a mood,
5
Which spurns the check of salutary bands,
That this most famous stream in bogs and
sands
Should perish,[3] and to evil and to good
Be lost for ever. In our halls is
hung
Armoury of the invincible knights of old:
10
We must be free or die, who speak the
tongue
That Shakspeare spake—the faith
and morals hold
Which Milton held. In everything
we’re sprung
Of earth’s first blood, have titles
manifold.
—Wordsworth.
[1] Written in 1802 or 1803, when an invasion of England by Napoleon was expected.
[2] This phrase is quoted from a poem by Daniel, an Elizabethan poet.
[3] in bogs and sands should perish. Should be destroyed by Napoleon.
THE COURTSHIP OF MILES STANDISH.[1]
I
MILES STANDISH.
In the Old Colony days, in Plymouth the
land of the Pilgrims,[2]
To and fro in a room of his simple and
primitive dwelling,
Clad in doublet[3] and hose, and boots
of Cordovan[4] leather,
Strode, with a martial air, Miles Standish
the Puritan Captain.
Buried in thought he seemed, with his
hands behind him,
and pausing
5
Ever and anon to behold his glittering
weapons of warfare.
Hanging in shining array along the walls
of the chamber,—
Cutlass and corselet[5] of steel, and
his trusty sword of Damascus,[6]
Curved at the point and inscribed with
its mystical[7] Arabic sentence,
While underneath, in a corner, were fowling-piece,
musket,
and matchlock.[8]
10
Short of stature he was, but strongly
built and athletic,
Broad in the shoulders, deep-chested,
with muscles and sinews of iron;
Brown as a nut was his face, but his russet
beard was already,
Flaked with patches of snow, as hedges
sometimes in November.
Near him was seated John Alden,[9] his
friend and household
companion,
15
Writing with diligent speed at a table
of pine by the window;
Fair-haired, azure-eyed, with delicate
Saxon complexion,
Having the dew of his youth, and the beauty
thereof, as the captives
Whom Saint Gregory saw, and exclaimed,
“Not Angles but Angels."[10]
Youngest of all was he of the men who
came in the Mayflower. 20
Suddenly breaking the silence, the diligent
scribe interrupting,
Spake, in the pride of his heart, Miles
Standish the Captain
of Plymouth.
“Look at these arms,” he said,
“the warlike weapons that hang here
Burnished and bright and clean, as if
for parade or inspection!
This is the sword of Damascus, I fought
with in Flanders;[11]
this breastplate,
25
Well I remember the day! once saved my
life in a skirmish;
Here in front you can see the very dint
of the bullet
Fired point-blank at my heart by a Spanish
arcabucero.[12]
Had it not been of sheer steel, the forgotten
bones of Miles Standish
Would at this moment be mould, in their
grave in the
Flemish morasses.”
30
Thereupon answered John Alden, but looked
not up from his writing:
“Truly the breath of the Lord hath
slackened the speed of the bullet;
Long at the window he stood, and wistfully
gazed on the landscape,
Washed with a cold gray mist, the vapory
breath of the east wind. 55
Forest and meadow and hill, and the steel-blue
rim of the ocean,
Lying silent and sad, in the afternoon
shadows and sunshine.
Over his countenance flitted a shadow
like those on the landscape,
Gloom intermingled with light; and his
voice was subdued with emotion,
Tenderness, pity, regret, as after a pause
he proceeded: 60
“Yonder there, on the hill by the
sea lies buried Rose Standish;
Beautiful rose of love, that bloomed for
me by the wayside!
She was the first to die of all who came
in the Mayflower!
Green above her is growing the field of
wheat we have sown there,
Better to hide from the Indian scouts
the graves of our people, 65
lest they should count them and see how
many already have perished!”
Sadly his face he averted, and strode
up and down and was thoughtful.
Fixed to the opposite wall was a shelf
of books, and among them
Prominent three, distinguished alike for
bulk and for binding;
Barriffe’s Artillery Guide, and
the Commentaries of Caesar, 70
Out of the Latin translated by Arthur
Goldinge of London,[16]
And, as if guarded by these, between them
was standing the Bible.
Musing a moment before them, Miles Standish
paused, as if doubtful
II
LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP.
Nothing was heard in the room but the
hurrying pen of the stripling,
Or an occasional sigh from the laboring
heart of the Captain,
Reading the marvellous words and achievements
of Julius Caesar.
After a while he exclaimed, as he smote
with his hand,
palm downwards,
90
Heavily on the page: “A wonderful
man was this Caesar!
You are a writer, and I am a fighter,
but here is a fellow
Who could both write and fight, and in
both was equally skilful!”
Straightway answered and spake John Alden,
the comely, the youthful:
“Yes, he was equally skilled, as
you say, with his pen and
his weapons.
95
Somewhere have I read, but where I forget,
he could dictate
Seven letters at once, at the same time
writing his memoirs.”
“Truly,” continued, the Captain,
not heeding or hearing the other,
“Truly a wonderful man was Caius
Julius Caesar!
Better be first, he said, in a little
Iberian village, 100
Than be second in Rome,[19] and I think
he was right when he said it.
Twice was he married before he was twenty,
and many times after,
Battles five hundred he fought, and a
thousand cities he conquered;
He, too, fought, in Flanders, as he himself
has recorded;
Finally he was stabbed by his friend,
the orator Brutus! 105
Now, do you know what he did on a certain
occasion in Flanders,
When the rear-guard of his army retreated,
the front giving way too,
And the immortal Twelfth Legion was crowded
so closely together
There was no room for their swords?
Why, he seized a shield
from a soldier,
Put himself straight at the head of his
troops, and commanded
the captains,
All was silent again; the Captain continued
his reading.
Nothing was heard in the room but the
hurrying pen of the stripling
Writing epistles important to go next
day by the Mayflower,
Filled with the name and the fame of the
Puritan maiden Priscilla;
Every sentence began or closed with the
name of Priscilla, 120
Till the treacherous pen, to which he
confided the secret,
Strove to betray it by singing and shouting
the name of Priscilla!
Finally closing his book, with a bang
of the ponderous cover,
Sudden and loud as the sound of a soldier
grounding his musket,
Thus to the young man spake Miles Standish
the Captain of Plymouth: 125
“When you have finished your work,
I have something important
to tell you.
Be not however in haste; I can wait, I
shall not be impatient!”
Straightway Alden replied, as he folded
the last of his letters,
Pushing his papers aside, and giving respectful
attention:
“Speak: for whenever you speak,
I am always ready to listen. 130
Always ready to hear whatever pertains
to Miles Standish.”
Thereupon answered the Captain, embarrassed,
and culling his phrases;
“’T is not good for a man
to be alone, say the Scriptures.[20]
This I have said before, and again and
again I repeat it;
Every hour in the day, I think it, and
feel it, and say it. 135
Since Rose Standish died, my life has
been weary and dreary,
Sick at heart have I been, beyond the
healing of friendship.
Oft in my lonely hours have I thought
of the maiden Priscilla.
She is alone in the world; her father
and mother and brother
Died in the winter together; I saw her
going and coming, 140
Now to the grave of the dead, and now
to the bed of the dying.
Patient, courageous, and strong, and said
to myself, that if ever
There were angels on earth, as there are
angels in heaven,
Two have I seen and known, and the angel
whose name is Priscilla
Holds in my desolate life the place which
the other abandoned. 145
Long have I cherished the thought, but
never have dared to reveal it,
Being a coward in this, though valiant
enough for the most part.
Go to the damsel Priscilla, the loveliest
maiden of Plymouth,
Say that a blunt old Captain, a man not
of words but of actions,
Offers his hand and his heart, the hand
and heart of a soldier. 150
Not in these words, you know, but this
in short is my meaning;
I am a maker of war, and not a maker of
phrases,
You, who are bred as a scholar, can say
it in elegant language,
Such as you read in your books of the
pleadings and wooings of lovers,
Such as you think best adapted to win
the heart of a maiden.” 155
“When he had spoken, John Alden,
the fair-haired, taciturn stripling,
All aghast at his words, surprised, embarrassed,
bewildered,
Trying to mask his dismay by treating
the subject with lightness,
Trying to smile, and yet feeling his heart
stand still in his bosom.
Just as a timepiece stops in a house that
is stricken by lightning. 160
Thus made answer and spake, or rather
stammered than answered:
“Such a message as that, I am sure
I should mangle and mar it;
If you would have it well done,—I
am only repeating your maxim,—
You must do it yourself, you must not
leave it to others!”
But with the air of a man whom nothing
can turn from his purpose 165
Gravely shaking his head, made answer
the Captain of Plymouth:
“Truly the maxim is good, and I
do not mean to gainsay it;
But we must use it discreetly, and not
waste powder for nothing.
Now, as I said before, I was never a maker
of phrases.
I can march up to a fortress and summon
the place to surrender, 170
But march up to a woman with such a proposal,
I dare not.
I’m not afraid of bullets, nor shot
from the mouth of a cannon,
But of a thundering ‘No!’
point-blank from the mouth of a woman,
That I confess I’m afraid of, nor
am I ashamed to confess it!
So you must grant my request, for you
are an elegant scholar, 175
Having the graces of speech, and skill
in the turning of phrases,”
Taking the hand of his friend; who still
was reluctant and doubtful,
Holding it long in his own, and pressing
it kindly, he added:
“Though I have spoken thus lightly,
yet deep is the feeling
that prompts me;
Surely you cannot refuse what I ask in
the name of our friendship!” 180
Then made answer John Alden: “The
name of friendship is sacred;
What you demand in that name, I have not
the power to deny you!”
So the strong will prevailed, subduing
and moulding the gentler,
Friendship prevailed over love, and Alden
went on his errand.
III
THE LOVER’S ERRAND.
So the strong will prevailed, and Alden
went on his errand, 185
Out of the street of the village, and
into the paths of the forest,
Into the tranquil woods, where bluebirds
and robins were building
Towns in the populous trees, with hanging
gardens of verdure,
Peaceful, aerial cities of joy and affection,
and freedom!
All around him was calm, but within him
commotion and conflict, 190
Love contending with friendship, and self
with each generous impulse.
To and fro in his breast his thoughts
were heaving and dashing,
As in a foundering ship, with every roll
of the vessel,
Washes the bitter sea, the merciless surge
of the ocean!
“Must I relinquish it all,”
he cried with a wild lamentation,—
195
“Must I relinquish it all, the joy,
the hope, the illusion?[21]
So through the Plymouth woods John Alden
went, on his errand;
Crossing the brook at the ford, where
it brawled over pebble
and shallow,
Gathering still, as he went, the Mayflowers[23]
blooming
around him,
210
Fragrant, filling the air with a strange
and wonderful sweetness,
Children lost in the woods, and covered
with leaves in their slumber.
“Puritan flowers,” he said,
“and the type of Puritan maidens,
Modest and simple and sweet, the very
type of Priscilla!
So I will take them to her; to Priscilla
the Mayflower of Plymouth, 215
Modest and simple and sweet, as a parting
gift will I take them;
Breathing their silent farewells, as they
fade and wither and perish,
Soon to be thrown away as is the heart
of the giver.”
So through the Plymouth woods John Alden
went on his errand;
Came to an open space, and saw the disk
of the ocean, 220
Sailless, sombre and cold with the comfortless
breath of the east-wind;
Saw the new-built house, and people at
work in a meadow;
Heard, as he drew near the door, the musical
voice of Priscilla
Singing the hundredth Psalm, the grand
old Puritan anthem,
Music that Luther sang to the sacred words
of the Psalmist, 225
Full of the breath of the Lord, consoling
and comforting many.
Then, as he opened the door, he beheld
the form of the maiden,
Seated beside her wheel, and the carded
wool like a snow-drift
Piled at her knee, her white hands feeding
the ravenous spindle,
While with her foot on the treadle she
guided the wheel
in its motion.
230
Open wide on her lap lay the well-worn
psalm-book of Ainsworth,[34]
Printed in Amsterdam, the words and the
music together,
Rough-hewn, angular notes, like stones
in the wall of a churchyard,
Darkened and overhung by the running vine
of the verses.
Such was the book from whose pages she
sang the old Puritan anthem, 235
She, the Puritan girl, in the solitude
of the forest,
Making the humble house and the modest
So he entered the house; and the hum of
the wheel and the singing
Suddenly ceased; for Priscilla, aroused
by his step
on the threshold,
250
Rose as he entered and gave him her hand,
in signal of welcome,
Saying, “I knew it was you, when
I heard your step in the passage;
For I was thinking of you, as I sat there
singing and spinning.”
Awkward and dumb with delight, that a
thought of him had been mingled
Thus in the sacred psalm, that came from
the heart of the maiden, 255
Silent before her he stood, and gave her
the flowers for an answer,
Finding no words for his thought.
He remembered that day
in the winter,
After the first great snow, when he broke
a path from the village,
Reeling and plunging along through the
drifts that encumbered
the doorway,
Stamping the snow from his feet as he
entered the house,
and Priscilla
260
Laughed at his snowy locks, and gave him
a seat by the fireside,
Grateful and pleased to know he had thought
of her in the snow-storm.
Had he but spoken then! perhaps not in
vain had he spoken;
Now it was all too late; the golden moment
had vanished!
So he stood there abashed, and gave her
the flowers for an answer. 265
Then they sat down and talked of the birds
and the beautiful
Spring-time;
Talked of their friends at home, and the
Mayflower that sailed
on the morrow.
“I have been thinking all day,”
said gently the Puritan maiden,
“Dreaming all night, and thinking
all day, of the hedge-rows
of England,—
They are in blossom now, and the country
is all like a garden; 270
Thinking of lanes and fields, and the
song of the lark and the linnet,
Seeing the village street, and familiar
faces of neighbors
Going about as of old, and stopping to
gossip together,
And, at the end of the street, the village
Thereupon answered the youth: “Indeed
I do not condemn you; 280
Stouter hearts than a woman’s have
quailed in this terrible winter.
Yours is tender and trusting, and needs
a stronger to lean on;
So I have come to you now, with an offer
and proffer of marriage
Made by a good man and true, Miles Standish
the Captain of Plymouth!”
Thus he delivered his message, the dexterous
writer of letters,— 285
Did not embellish the theme, nor array
it in beautiful phrases,
But came straight to the point, and blurted
it out like a school-boy;
Even the Captain himself could hardly
have said it more bluntly.
Mute with amazement and sorrow, Priscilla
the Puritan maiden
Looked into Alden’s face, her eyes
dilated with wonder, 290
Feeling his words like a blow, that stunned
her and rendered
her speechless;
Till at length she exclaimed, interrupting
the ominous silence:
“If the great Captain of Plymouth
is so very eager to wed me,
Why does he not come himself, and take
the trouble to woo me?
If I am not worth the wooing, I surely
am not worth the winning!” 295
Then John Alden began explaining and smoothing
the matter,
Making it worse as he went, by saying
the Captain was busy,—
Had no time for such things;—such
things! the words grated harshly
Fell on the ear of Priscilla; and swift
as a flash she made answer:
“Has he no time for such things,
as you call it, before he
is married,
300
Would he be likely to find it, or make
it, after the wedding?
That is the way with you men; you don’t
understand us, you cannot.
When you have made up your minds, after
thinking of this one
and that one,
Choosing, selecting, rejecting, comparing
one with another,
Then you make known your desire, with
abrupt and sudden avowal, 305
And are offended and hurt, and indignant,
perhaps, that a woman
Does not respond at once to a love that
she never suspected,
Does not attain at a bound the height
to which you have been climbing.
This is not right nor just, for surely
a woman’s affection
Is not a thing to be asked for, and had
for only the asking. 310
When one is truly in love, one not only
says it, but shows it
Had he but waited awhile, had he only
showed that he loved me,
Even this Captain of yours—who
knows?—at last might have won me,
Old and rough as he is, but now it never
can happen.”
Still John Alden went on, unheeding the
words of Priscilla, 315
Urging the suit of his friend, explaining,
persuading, expanding;
Spoke of his courage and skill, and of
all his battles in Flanders,
How with the people of God he had chosen
to suffer affliction,
How, in return for his zeal, they had
made him Captain of Plymouth;
He was a gentleman born, could trace his
pedigree plainly 320
Back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall,
in Lancashire, England,
Who was the son of Ralph; and the grandson
of Thurston de Standish;
Heir unto vast estates, of which he was
basely defrauded,
Still bore the family arms, and had for
his crest a cock argent
Combed and wattled gules,[26] and all
the rest of the blazon. 325
He was a man of honor, of noble and generous
nature;
Though he was rough, he was kindly; she
knew how during the winter
He had attended the sick, with a hand
as gentle as woman’s;
Somewhat hasty and hot, he could not deny
it, and headstrong,
Stern as a soldier might be, but hearty,
and placable always, 330
Not to be laughed at and scorned, because
he was little of stature;
For he was great of heart, magnanimous,
courtly, courageous;
Any woman in Plymouth, nay, any woman
in England,
Might be happy and proud to be called
the wife of Miles Standish!
But as he warmed and glowed, in his simple
and eloquent language, 335
Quite forgetful of self, and full of the
praise of his rival,
Archly the maiden smiled, and, with eyes
overrunning with laughter,
Said, in a tremulous voice, “Why
don’t you speak for yourself, John?”
IV
JOHN ALDEN.
Into the open air John Alden, perplexed
and bewildered,
Rushed like a man insane, and wandered
alone by the sea-side, 340
Paced up and down the sands, and bared
his head to the east-wind,
Cooling his heated brow, and the fire
and fever within him.
Slowly, as out of the heavens, with apocalyptical
splendors,
Sank the City of God, in the vision of
John the Apostle,[27]
So, with its cloudy walls of chrysolite,
jasper, and sapphire, 345
Sank the broad red sun, and over its turrets
uplifted
Glimmered the golden reed of the angel
who measured the city.
“Welcome, O wind of the East!”
he exclaimed in his wild exultation,
“Welcome, O wind of the East, from
the caves of the misty Atlantic!
Blowing o’er fields of dulse,[38]
and measureless meadows
of sea-grass,
350
Blowing o’er rocky wastes, and the
grottos and gardens of ocean!
Lay thy cold, moist hand on my burning
forehead, and wrap me
Close in thy garments of mist, to allay
the fever within me!”
Like an awakened conscience, the sea was
moaning and tossing,
Beating remorseful and loud the mutable
sands of the sea-shore, 355
Fierce in his soul was the struggle and
tumult of passions contending;
Love triumphant and crowned, and friendship
wounded and bleeding,
Passionate cries of desire, and importunate
pleadings of duty!
“Is it my fault,” he said,
“that the maiden has chosen between us?
Is it my fault that he failed,—my
fault that I am the victor? 360
Then within him there thundered a voice,
like the voice of the Prophet:
“It hath displeased the Lord!”—and
he thought of David’s
transgression,[29]
Bathsheba’s beautiful face, and
his friend in the front of the battle!
Shame and confusion of guilt, and abasement
and self-condemnation,
Overwhelmed him at once; and he cried
in the deepest contrition: 365
“It hath displeased the Lord!
It is the temptation of Satan!”
Then, uplifting his head, he looked at
the sea, and beheld there
Dimly the shadowy form of the Mayflower
riding at anchor,
Rocked on the rising tide, and ready to
sail on the morrow;
Heard the voices of men through the mist,
the rattle of cordage 370
Thrown on the deck, the shouts of the
mate, and the sailors’
“Ay, ay,
Sir!”
Clear and distinct, but not loud, in the
dripping air of the twilight.
Still for a moment he stood, and listened,
and stared at the vessel,
Then went hurriedly on, as one who, seeing
a phantom,
Stops, then quickens his pace, and follows
the beckoning, shadow. 375
“Yes, it is plain, to me now,”
he murmured; “the hand of the Lord is
Leading me out of the land of darkness,
the bondage of error,
Through the sea, that shall lift the walls
of its waters around me,
Hiding me, cutting me off, from the cruel
thoughts that pursue me.
Back will I go o’er the ocean, this
dreary land will abandon, 380
Her whom I may not love, and him whom
my heart has offended.
Better to be in my grave in the green
old churchyard in England,
Close by my mother’s side, and among
the dust of my kindred;
Better be dead and forgotten, than living
in shame and dishonor!
Sacred and safe and unseen, in the dark
of the narrow chamber 385
With me my secret shall lie, like a buried
jewel that glimmers
Bright on the hand that is dust, in the
chambers of silence
and darkness,—
Yes, as the marriage ring of the great
espousal hereafter!”
Thus as he spake, he turned, in the strength
of his strong resolution,
Leaving behind him the shore, and hurried
along in the twilight, 390
Through the congenial gloom of the forest
silent and sombre,
Till he beheld the lights in the seven
houses of Plymouth,
Shining like seven stars in the dusk and
mist of the evening.
Soon he entered his door, and found the
Then John Alden spake, and related the
wondrous adventure
From beginning to end, minutely, just
as it happened;
How he had seen Priscilla, and how he
had sped in his courtship, 405
Only smoothing a little, and softening
down her refusal.
But when he came at length to the words
Priscilla had spoken,
Words so tender and cruel, “Why
don’t you speak for yourself, John?”
Up leaped the Captain of Plymouth, and
stamped on the floor,
till his armor
Clanged on the wall, where it hung, with
a sound of sinister omen. 410
All his pent-up wrath burst forth in a
sudden explosion,
E’en as a hand-grenade,[31] that
scatters destruction around it.
Wildly he shouted, and loud: “John
Alden! you have betrayed me!
Me, Miles Standish, your friend! have
supplanted, defrauded,
betrayed me!
One of my ancestors ran his sword through
the heart of
Wat Tyler;[32]
415
Who shall prevent me from running my own
through the heart
of a traitor?
Yours is the greater treason, for yours
is a treason to friendship!
You, who lived under my roof, whom I cherished
and loved as a brother;
You, who have fed at my board, and drunk
at my cup, to whose keeping
I have intrusted my honor, my thoughts
the most sacred
and secret,—
420
You, too, Brutus! ah, woe to the name
of friendship hereafter!
Brutus was Caesar’s friend, and
you were mine, but hence-forward
Let there be nothing between us save war,
and implacable hatred!”
So spake the Captain of Plymouth, and
strode about in the chamber,
Chafing and choking with rage, like cords
were the veins
on his temples.
425
But in the midst of his anger a man appeared
at the doorway,
Bringing in uttermost haste a message
of urgent importance,
Rumors of danger and war and hostile incursions
of Indians!
Straightway the Captain paused, and, without
further question
or parley,
Took from the nail on the wall his sword
with its scabbard of iron, 430
Buckled the belt round his waist, and,
Then from the rattlesnake’s skin,
with a sudden, contemptuous
gesture,
475
Jerking the Indian arrows, he filled it
with powder and bullets
Full to the very jaws, and handed it back
to the savage,
Saying, in thundering tones; “Here,
take it! this is your answer!”
Silently out of the room then glided the
glistening savage,
Bearing the serpent’s skin, and
seeming himself like a serpent, 480
Winding his sinuous way in the dark to
the depths of the forest.
V
THE SAILING OF THE MAYFLOWER.
Just in the gray of the dawn, as the mists
uprose from the meadows,
There was a stir and a sound in the slumbering
village of Plymouth;
Clanging and clicking of arms, and the
order imperative, “Forward!”
Given in tone suppressed, a tramp of feet,
and then silence. 485
Figures ten, in the mist, marched slowly
out of the village.
Standish the stalwart it was, with eight
of his valorous army,
Led by their Indian guide, by Hobomok,
friend of the white men,
Northward marching to quell the sudden
revolt of the savage.
Giants they seemed in the mist, or the
mighty men of King David; 490
Giants in heart they were, who believed
in God and the Bible,—
Ay, who believed in the smiting of Midianites
and Philistines,
Over them gleamed far off the crimson
banners of morning;
Under them loud on the sands, the serried
billows, advancing,
Fired along the line, and in regular order
retreated. 495
Many a mile had they marched, when at
length the village of Plymouth
Woke from its sleep, and arose, intent
on its manifold labors.
Sweet was the air and soft; and slowly
the smoke from the chimneys
Rose over roofs of thatch, and pointed
steadily eastward;
Men came forth from the doors, and paused
and talked of the weather, 500
Said that the wind had changed, and was
blowing fair for the Mayflower;
Talked of their Captain’s departure,
and all the dangers that menaced,
He being gone, the town, and what should
be done in his absence.
Merrily sang the birds, and the tender
voices of women
Consecrated with hymns the common cares
of the household. 505
Out of the sea rose the sun, and the billows
rejoiced at his coming;
Beautiful were his feet on the purple
tops of the mountains,
Beautiful on the sails of the Mayflower
riding at anchor,
Battered and blackened and worn by all
the storms of the winter.
Loosely against her masts was hanging
and flapping her canvas, 510
Rent by so many gales, and patched by
the hands of the sailors.
Suddenly from her side, as the sun rose
over the ocean,
Darted a puff of smoke, and floated seaward;
anon rang
Loud over field and forest the cannon’s
roar, and the echoes
Heard and repeated the sound, the signal-gun
Foremost among them was Alden. All
night he had lain without slumber,
Turning and tossing about in the heat
and unrest of his fever.
He had beheld Miles Standish, who came
back late from the council, 535
Stalking into the room, and heard him
mutter and murmur,
Sometimes it seemed a prayer, and sometimes
it sounded like swearing.
Once he had come to the bed, and stood
there a moment in silence;
Then he had turned away, and said:
“I will not awake him;
Let him sleep on, it is best; for what
is the use of more talking!” 530
Then he extinguished the light, and threw
himself down on his pallet,
Dressed as he was, and ready to start
at the break of the morning,—
Covered himself with the cloak he had
worn in his campaigns
in Flanders,—
Slept as a soldier sleeps in his bivouac,
ready for action.
But with the dawn he arose; in the twilight
Alden beheld him 535
Put on his corselet of steel, and all
the rest of his armor,
Buckle about his waist his trusty blade
of Damascus,
Take from the corner his musket, and so
stride out of the chamber.
Often the heart of the youth had burned
and yearned to embrace him,
Often his lips had essayed to speak, imploring
for pardon; 540
All the old friendship came back with
its tender and grateful emotions;
But his pride overmastered the nobler
nature within him,—
Pride, and the sense of his wrong, and
the burning fire of the insult.
So he beheld his friend departing in anger,
but spake not,
Saw him go forth to danger, perhaps to
death, and he spake not! 545
Then he arose from his bed, and heard
what the people were saying,
Joined in the talk at the door, with Stephen
and Richard and
Gilbert,[35]
Joined in the morning prayer, and in the
reading of Scripture,
And, with the others, in haste went hurrying
down to the sea-shore,
Down to the Plymouth Rock, that had been
to their feet as
a doorstep
550
Into a world unknown,—the corner-stone
of a nation!
There with his boat was the Master, already
a little impatient
Lest he should lose the tide, or the wind
might shift to the eastward,
Square-built, hearty, and strong, with
an odor of ocean about him,
Speaking with this one and that, and cramming
letters and parcels 555
Into his pockets capacious, and messages
mingled together
Into his narrow brain, till at last he
was wholly bewildered.
Nearer the boat stood Alden, with one
foot placed on the gunwale,[36]
One still firm on the rock, and talking
at times with the sailors,
Seated erect on the thwarts,[37] all ready
and eager for starting, 560
He too was eager to go, and thus put an
end to his anguish,
Thinking to fly from despair, that swifter
than keel is or canvas,
Thinking to drown in the sea the ghost
that would rise and pursue him.
But as he gazed on the crowd, he beheld
the form of Priscilla
Standing dejected among them, unconscious
of all that was passing. 565
Fixed were her eyes upon his, as if she
divined his intention,
Fixed with a look so sad, so reproachful,
imploring, and patient,
That with a sudden revulsion his heart
recoiled from its purpose,
As from the verge of a crag, where one
step more is destruction.
Strange is the heart of man, with its
quick, mysterious instincts! 570
Strange is the life of man, and fatal
or fated are moments,
Whereupon turn, as on hinges, the gates
of the wall adamantine[38]
“Here I remain!” he exclaimed,
as he looked at the heavens above him,
Thanking the Lord whose breath had scattered
the mist and the madness,
Wherein, blind and lost, to death he was
staggering headlong. 575
“Yonder snow-white cloud, that floats
in the ether above me,
Seems like a hand that is pointing, and
beckoning over the ocean.
There is another hand, that is not so
spectral and ghost-like,
Holding me, drawing me back, and clasping
mine for protection.
Float, O hand of cloud, and vanish away
in the ether! 580
Roll thyself up like a fist, to threaten,
and daunt me; I heed not
Either your warning or menace, or any
omen of evil!
There is no land so sacred, no air so
pure and so wholesome,
As is the air she breathes, and the soil
that is pressed
by her footsteps.
Here for her sake will I stay, and like
an invisible presence 585
Hover around her forever, protecting,
supporting her weakness;
Yes! as my foot was the first that stepped
on this rock at the landing,
So, with the blessing of God, shall it
be the last at the leaving!”
Meanwhile the Master alert, but with dignified
air and important,
Scanning with watchful eye the tide and
the wind and the weather, 590
Walked about on the sands, and the people
crowded around him
Saying a few last words, and enforcing
his careful remembrance.
Soon we heard on board the shouts and
songs of the sailors
Heaving the windlass round, and hoisting
the ponderous anchor.
Then the yards[39] were braced, and all
sails set to the west-wind,
Blowing steady and strong, and the Mayflower
sailed from the harbor,
Rounded the point of the Gurnet,[40] and
leaving far to
the southward
605
Island and cape of sand, and the Field
of the First Encounter,[41]
Took the wind on her quarter, and stood
for the open Atlantic,
Borne on the sand of the sea, and the
swelling hearts of the Pilgrims.
Long in silence they watched, the receding
sail of the vessel,
Much endeared to them all, as something
living and human; 610
Then, as it filled with the spirit, and
wrapped in a vision prophetic,
Baring his hoary head, the excellent Elder
of Plymouth.
Said, “Let us pray!” and they
prayed, and thanked the Lord and
took courage.
Mournfully sobbed the waves at the base
of the rock, and above them
Bowed and whispered the wheat on the hill
of death, and
their kindred
615
Seemed to awake in their graves, and to
join in the prayer that
they uttered.
Sun-illumined and white, on the eastern
verge of the ocean
Gleamed the departing sail, like a marble
slab in a graveyard;
Buried beneath it lay forever all hope
of escaping,
Lo! as they turned to depart, they saw
the form of an Indian, 620
Watching them from the hill; but while
they spake with each other,
Pointing with outstretched hands, and
saying, “Look!” he had vanished.
So they returned to their homes; but Alden
lingered a little,
Musing alone on the shore, and watching
the wash of the billows
Round the base of the rock, and the sparkle
and flash
of the sunshine,
625
Like the spirit of God, moving visibly
over the waters.[42]
VI
PRISCILLA.
Thus for a while he stood, and mused by
the shore of the ocean,
Thinking of many things, and most of all
of Priscilla;
And as if thought had the power to draw
to itself, like the loadstone,
Whatsoever it touches, by subtile laws
of its nature, 630
Lo! as he turned to depart, Priscilla
was standing beside him.
“Are you so much offended, you will
not speak to me?” said she.
“Am I so much to blame, that yesterday,
when you were pleading
Warmly the cause of another, my heart,
impulsive and wayward,
Pleaded your own, and spake out, forgetful
perhaps of decorum? 635
Certainly you can forgive me for speaking
so frankly, for saying
What I ought not to have said, yet now
I can never unsay it;
For there are moments in life, when the
heart is so full of emotion,
That if by chance it be shaken, or into
its depths like a pebble
Drops some careless word, it overflows,
and its secret, 640
Spilt on the ground like water, can never
be gathered together.
Yesterday I was shocked, when I heard
you speak of Miles Standish,
Praising his virtues, transforming his
very defects into virtues,
Praising his courage and strength, and
even his fighting in Flanders,
As if by fighting alone you could win
the heart of a woman, 645
Quite overlooking yourself and the rest,
in exalting your hero.
Therefore I spake as I did, by an irresistible
impulse.
You will forgive me, I hope, for the sake
of the friendship between us,
Which is too true and too sacred to be
so easily broken!”
Thereupon answered John Alden, the scholar,
the friend
of Miles Standish:
650
“I was not angry with you, with
myself alone I was angry,
Seeing how badly I managed the matter
I had in my keeping.”
“No!” interrupted the maiden,
with answer prompt, and decisive;
“No; you were angry with me, for
speaking so frankly and freely.
I was wrong, I acknowledge; for it is
the fate of a woman 655
Long to be patient and silent, to wait
like a ghost that is speechless,
Till some questioning voice dissolves
the spell of its silence.
Hence is the inner life of so many suffering
women
Sunless and silent and deep, like subterranean
rivers
Running through caverns of darkness, unheard,
unseen,
and unfruitful,
660
Chafing their channels of stone, with
endless and profitless murmurs.”
Thereupon answered John Alden, the young
man, the lover of women:
“Heaven forbid it, Priscilla; and
truly they seem to me always
More like the beautiful rivers that watered
the garden of Eden,[43]
More like the river Euphrates, through
deserts of Havilah flowing, 665
Filling the land with delight, and memories
sweet of the garden!”
“Ah, by these words, I can see,”
again interrupted the maiden,
“How very little you prize me, or
care for what I am saying.
When from the depths of my heart, in pain
and with secret misgiving,
Frankly I speak to you, asking for sympathy
only and kindness, 670
Straightway you take up my words, that
are plain and direct
Mute and amazed was Alden; and listened
and looked at Priscilla,
Thinking he never had seen her more fair,
more divine in her beauty.
He who but yesterday pleaded so glibly
the cause of another,
Stood there embarrassed and silent, and
seeking in vain for an answer.
So the maiden went on, and little divined
or imagined 685
What was at work in his heart, that made
him so awkward and speechless.
“Let us, then, be what we are, and
speak what we think, and
in all things
Keep ourselves loyal to truth, and the
sacred professions
of friendship.
It is no secret I tell you, nor am I ashamed
to declare it:
I have liked to be with you, to see you,
to speak with you always. 690
So I was hurt at your words, and a little
affronted to hear you
Urge me to marry your friend, though he
were the Captain
Miles Standish.
For I must tell you the truth: much
more to me is our friendship
Than all the love he could give, were
he twice the hero you think him.”
Then she extended her hand, and Alden,
who eagerly grasped it, 695
Felt all the wounds in his heart, that
were aching and bleeding
so sorely,
Healed by the touch of that hand, and
he said, with a voice
full of feeling:
“Yes, we must ever be friends; and
of all who offer you friendship
Let me be ever the first, the truest,
the nearest and dearest!”
Casting a farewell look at the glimmering
sail of the Mayflower 700
Distant, but still in sight, and sinking
below the horizon,
Homeward together they walked, with a
strange, indefinite feeling,
That all the rest had departed and left
them alone in the desert.
But, as they went through the fields in
the blessing and smile
of the sunshine,
Lighter grew their hearts, and Priscilla
said very archly: 705
“Now that our terrible Captain has
gone in pursuit of the Indians,
Where he is happier far than he would
be commanding a household,
You may speak boldly, and tell me of all
that happened between you,
When you returned last night, and said
how ungrateful you found me.”
Thereupon answered John Alden, and told
Thus, as a pilgrim devout, who toward
Jerusalem journeys,
Taking three steps in advance, and one
reluctantly backward, 730
Urged by importunate zeal, and withheld
by pangs of contrition;
Slowly but steadily onward, receding yet
ever advancing,
Journeyed this Puritan youth to the Holy
Land of his longings,
Urged by the fervor of love, and withheld
by remorseful misgivings.
VII
THE MARCH OF MILES STANDISH.[44]
Meanwhile the stalwart Miles Standish
was marching steadily
northward,
725
Winding through forest and swamp, and
along the trend of the sea-shore,
All day long, with hardly a halt, the
fire of his anger
Burning and crackling within, and the
sulphurous odor of powder
Seeming more sweet to his nostrils than
all the scents of the forest.
Silent and moody he went, and much he
revolved his discomfort; 730
He who was used to success, and to easy
victories always,
Thus to be flouted, rejected, and laughed
to scorn by a maiden,
Thus to be mocked and betrayed by the
friend whom most he had trusted!
Ah! ’t was too much to be borne,
and he fretted and chafed
in his armor!
“I alone am to blame,” he
muttered, “for mine was the folly. 735
What has a rough old soldier, grown grim
and gray in the harness,
Used to the camp and its ways, to do with
the wooing of maidens?
’T was but a dream,—let
it pass,—let it vanish like so many others!
“What I thought was a flower, is
only a weed, and is worthless;
Out of my heart will I pluck it, and throw
it away, and
henceforward
740
Be but a fighter of battles, a lover and
wooer of dangers.”
Thus he revolved in his mind his sorry
defeat and discomfort,
While he was marching by day or lying
at night in the forest,
Looking up at the trees and the constellations
beyond them.
After a three days’ march he came
to an Indian encampment 745
Pitched on the edge of a meadow, between
the sea and the forest;
Women at work by the tents, and warriors,
horrid with war-paint,
Seated about a fire and smoking and talking
together;
Who, when they saw from afar the sudden
approach of the white men,
Saw the flash of the sun on breastplate
and sabre and musket, 750
Straightway leaped to their feet, and
two, from among them advancing,
Came to parley with Standish, and offer
him furs as a present;
Friendship was in their looks, but in
their hearts there was hatred.
Braves of the tribe were these, and brothers,
gigantic in stature,
Huge as Goliath of Gath, or the terrible
Og, king of Bashan;[45] 755
One was Pecksuot named, and the other
was called Wattawamat.
Round their necks were suspended their
knives in scabbards
of wampum,[46]
Two-edged, trenchant knives, with points
as sharp as a needle.
Other arms had they none, for they were
running and crafty.
“Welcome, English!” they said,—these
words they had learned
from the traders
760
Touching at times on the coast, to barter,
and chaffer
for peltries.[47]
Then in their native tongue they began
to parley with Standish,
Through his guide and interpreter, Hoborook,
friend of the white man,
Begging for blankets and knives, but mostly
for muskets and powder,
Kept by the white man, they said, concealed,
with the plague,
in his cellars,
765
Ready to be let loose, and destroy his
brother the red man!
But when Standish refused, and said he
would give them the Bible,
Suddenly changing their tone, they began
to boast and to bluster.
Then Wattawamat advanced with a stride
in front of the other,
And, with a lofty demeanor, thus vauntingly
spake to the Captain: 770
“Now Wattawamat can see, by the
fiery eyes of the Captain,
Angry is he in his heart; but the heart
of the brave Wattawamat
Is not afraid at the sight. He was
not born of a woman
But on a mountain, at night, from an oak-tree
riven by lightning,
Forth he sprang at a bound, with all his
weapons about him, 775
Shouting, ‘Who is there here to
fight with the brave Wattawamat?’”
Then he unsheathed his knife, and, whetting
the blade on his left hand,
Held it aloft and displayed a woman’s
face on the handle,
Saying, with bitter expression and look
of sinister meaning:
“I have another at home, with the
face of a man on the handle, 780
By and by they shall marry; and there
will be plenty of children!”
Then stood Pecksuot forth, self-vaunting,
insulting Miles Standish;
While with his fingers he patted the knife
that hung at his bosom,
Drawing it half from his sheath, and plunging
it back, as he muttered,
“By and by it shall see; it shall
eat; ah, ha! but shall speak not! 785
This is the mighty Captain the white men
have sent to destroy us!
He is a little man; let him go and work
with the women!”
Meanwhile Standish had noted the faces
and figures of Indians
Peeping and creeping about from bush to
tree in the forest,
Feigning to look for game, with arrows
set on their bowstrings, 790
Drawing about him still closer and closer
the net of their ambush.
But undaunted he stood, and dissembled
and treated them smoothly;
So the old chronicles say, that were writ
in the days of the fathers.
But when he heard their defiance, the
boast, the taunt and the insult,
All the hot blood of his race, of Sir
Hugh and of Thurston
de Standish,
795
Boiled and beat in his heart, and swelled
in the veins of his temples.
Headlong he leaped on the boaster, and,
snatching his knife
from its scabbard,
Plunged it into his heart, and, reeling
backward, the savage
Fell with his face to the sky, and a fiendlike
fierceness upon it.
Straight there arose from the forest the
awful sound of the
war-whoop,
800
And, like a flurry of snow on the whistling
wind of December,
Swift and sudden and keen came a flight
of feathery arrows.
Then came a cloud of smoke, and out of
the cloud came the lightning,
Out of the lightning thunder; and death
unseen ran before it.
Frightened the savages fled for shelter
in swamp and in thicket, 805
Hotly pursued and beset; but their sachem,
the brave Wattawamat,
Fled not; he was dead. Unswerving
and swift had a bullet
Passed through his brain, and he fell
with both hands clutching
the greensward,
Seeming in death to hold back from his
foe the land of his fathers.
There on the flowers of the meadow the
warriors lay, and
above them,
810
Silent, with folded arms, stood Hobomok,
friend of the white man.
Smiling at length he exclaimed to the
stalwart Captain of Plymouth:
“Pecksuot bragged very loud, of
his courage, his strength
and his stature,—
Mocked the great Captain, and called him
a little man; but I see now
Big enough have you been to lay him speechless
before you!” 815
Thus the first battle was fought, and
won by the stalwart
Miles Standish.
When the tidings thereof were brought
to the village of Plymouth,
And as a trophy of war the head of the
brave Wattawamat
Scowled from the roof of the fort, which
at once was a church
and a fortress,
All who beheld it rejoiced, and praised
the Lord, and took courage. 820
Only Priscilla averted her face from this
spectre of terror,
Thanking God in her heart that she had
not married Miles Standish;
Shrinking, fearing almost, lest, coming
home from his battles,
He should lay claim to her hand, as the
prize and reward of his valor.
VIII
THE SPINNING WHEEL.
Month after month passed away, and in,
autumn the ships
of the merchants
825
Game with kindred and friends, with cattle
and corn for the Pilgrims.
All in the village was peace; the men
were intent on their labors,
Busy with hewing and building, with garden-plot
and with merestead,[48]
Busy with breaking the glebe, and mowing
the grass in the meadows,
Searching the sea for its fish, and hunting
the deer in the forest. 830
All in the village was peace; but at times
the rumor of warfare
Filled the air with alarm, and the apprehension
of danger.
Bravely the stalwart Standish was scouring
the land with his forces,
Waxing valiant in fight and defeating
the alien armies,
Till his name had become a sound of fear
to the nations. 835
Anger was still in his heart, but at times
the remorse and contrition
Which in all noble natures succeed the
passionate outbreak,
Came like a rising tide, that encounters
the rush of a river,
Staying its current awhile, but making
it bitter and brackish.[49]
Meanwhile Alden at home had built him
a new habitation, 840
Solid, substantial, of timber rough-hewn
from the firs of the forest.
Wooden-barred was the door, and the roof
was covered with rushes;
Latticed the windows were, and the window-panes
were of paper,
Oiled to admit the light, while wind and
rain were excluded.
There too he dug a well, and around it
planted an orchard: 845
Still may be seen to this day some trace
of the well and the orchard.
Close to the house was the stall, where,
safe and secure
from annoyance,
Raghorn, the snow-white bull, that had
fallen to Alden’s allotment
In the division of cattle, might ruminate
in the night-time
Over the pastures he cropped, made fragrant
by sweet pennyroyal. 850
Oft when his labor was finished, with
eager feet would the dreamer
Follow the pathway that ran through the
woods to the house
of Priscilla,
Led by illusions romantic and subtile
deceptions of fancy,
Pleasure disguised as duty, and love in
the semblance of friendship.
Ever of her he thought, when he fashioned
the walls of his
dwelling;
855
Ever of her he thought, when he delved
in the soil of his garden;
Ever of her he thought, when he read in
his Bible on Sunday
Praise of the virtuous woman, as she is
described in the Proverbs,—
How the heart of her husband doth safely
trust in her always,
How all the days of her life she will
do him good, and not evil, 860
How she seeketh the wool and the flax
and worketh with gladness,
How she layeth her hand to the spindle
and holdeth the distaff,
How she is not afraid of the snow for
herself or her household,
Knowing her household are clothed with
the scarlet cloth
of her weaving!
So as she sat at her wheel one afternoon
in the Autumn, 865
Alden, who opposite sat, and was watching
her dexterous fingers,
As if the thread she was spinning were
that of his life
and his fortune,
After a pause in their talk, thus spake
to the sound of the spindle.
“Truly, Priscilla,” he said,
“when I see you spinning and spinning,
Never idle a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful
of others, 870
Suddenly you are transformed, are visibly
changed in a moment;
You are no longer Priscilla, but Bertha
the Beautiful Spinner."[50]
Here the light foot on the treadle grew
swifter and swifter;
the spindle
Uttered an angry snarl, and the thread
snapped short in her fingers;
While the impetuous speaker, not heeding
the mischief, continued 875
“You are the beautiful Bertha; the
spinner, the queen of Helvetia;[51]
She whose story I read at a stall[52]
in the streets of Southampton,
Who, as she rode on her palfrey, o’er
valley and meadow and mountain,
Ever was spinning her thread from a distaff[52]
fixed to her saddle.
She was so thrifty and good, that her
name passed into a proverb. 880
So shall it be with your own, when the
spinning-wheel shall no longer
Hum in the house of the farmer, and fill
its chambers with music.
Then shall the mothers, reproving, relate
how it was
in their childhood,
Praising the good old times, and the days
of Priscilla the spinner!”
Straight uprose from her wheel the beautiful
Puritan maiden, 885
Pleased with the praise of her thrift
from him whose praise
was the sweetest,
Drew from the reel on the table a snowy
skein of her spinning,
Thus making answer, meanwhile, to the
flattering phrases of Alden:
“Come, you must not be idle; if
I am a pattern for housewives,
Show yourself equally worthy of being
the model of husbands. 890
Hold this skein on your hands, while I
wind it, ready for knitting;
Then who knows but hereafter, when fashions
have changed
and the manners,
Fathers may talk to their sons of the
good old times of John Alden!”
Thus, with a jest and a laugh, the skein
on his hands she adjusted,
He sitting awkwardly there, with his arms
extended before him, 895
She standing graceful, erect, and winding
the thread from his fingers,
Sometimes chiding a little his clumsy
manner of holding,
Sometimes touching his hands, as she disentangled
expertly
Twist or knot in the yarn, unawares—for
how could she help it?—
Sending electrical thrills through every
nerve in his body. 900
Lo! in the midst of this scene, a breathless
messenger entered,
Bringing in hurry and heat the terrible
news from the village.
Yes; Miles Standish was dead!—an
Indian had brought them
the tidings,—
Slain by a poisoned arrow, shot down in
the front of the battle,
Into an ambush beguiled, cut off with
the whole of his forces; 905
All the town would be burned, and all
the people be murdered!
Such were the tidings of evil that burst
on the hearts of the hearers.
Silent and statue-like stood Priscilla,
her face looking backward
Still at the face of the speaker, her
arms uplifted in horror;
But John Alden upstarting, as if the barb
of the arrow 910
Piercing the heart of his friend had struck
his own, and sundered
Once and forever the bonds that held him
bound as a captive,
Wild with excess of sensation, the awful
delight of his freedom,
Mingled with pain and regret, unconscious
of what he was doing,
Clasped, almost with a groan, the motionless
form of Priscilla, 915
Pressing her close to his heart, as forever
his own, and exclaiming:
“Those whom the Lord hath united,
let no man put them asunder!”
Even as rivulets twain, from distant and
separate sources,
Seeing each other afar, as they leap from
the rocks, and pursuing,
Each one its devious path, but drawing
nearer and hearer, 930
Rush together at last, at their trysting-place
in the forest;
So these lives that had run thus far in
separate channels,
Coming in sight of each other, then swerving
and flowing asunder,
Parted by barriers strong, but drawing
nearer and nearer,
Rushed together at last, and one was lost
in the other. 925
IX
THE WEDDING-DAY.
Forth from the curtain of clouds, from
the tent of purple and scarlet,
Issued the sun, the great High-Priest,[54]
in his garments resplendent,
Holiness unto the Lord, in letters of
light, on his forehead,
Round the hem of his robe the golden bells
and pomegranates.
Blessing the world he came, and the bars
of vapor beneath him 930
Gleamed like a grate of brass, and the
sea at his feet was a laver![55]
This was the wedding morn of Priscilla
the Puritan maiden.
Friends were assembled together; the Elder
and Magistrate also
Graced the scene with their presence,
and stood like the Law
and the Gospel,
One with the sanction of earth and one
with the blessing of heaven. 935
Simple and brief was the wedding as that
of Ruth and of Boaz.[56]
Softly the youth and the maiden repeated
the words of betrothal,
Taking each other for husband and wife
in the Magistrate’s presence,
After the Puritan way, and the laudable
custom of Holland,
Fervently then and devoutly, the excellent
Elder of Plymouth 940
Prayed for the hearth and the home, that
were founded that day
in affection,
Speaking of life and of death and imploring
Divine benedictions.
Lo! when the service was ended, a form
appeared on the threshold,
Clad in armor of steel, a sombre and sorrowful
figure!
Why does the bridegroom start and stare
at the strange apparition? 945
Why does the bride turn pale, and hide
her face on his shoulder?
Is it a phantom of air,—a bodiless,
spectral illusion?
Is it a ghost from the grave, that has
come to forbid the betrothal?
Long had it stood there unseen, a guest
uninvited, unwelcomed;
Over its clouded eyes there had passed
at times an expression 950
Softening the gloom and revealing the
warm heart hidden beneath them,
As when across the sky the driving rack[57]
of the rain cloud
Grows for a moment thin, and betrays the
sun by its brightness.
Once it had lifted its hand, and moved
its lips, but was silent,
As if an iron will had mastered the fleeting
intention. 955
But when were ended the troth and the
prayer and the last benediction,
Into the room it strode, and the people
beheld, with amazement
Bodily there in his armor, Miles Standish,
the Captain of Plymouth!
Grasping the bridegroom’s hand,
he said with emotion, “Forgive me!
I have been angry and hurt,—too
long have I cherished the feeling; 960
I have been cruel and hard, but now, thank
God! it is ended.
Mine is the same hot blood that leaped
in the veins of Hugh Standish,
Sensitive, swift to resent, but as swift
in atoning for error.
Never so much as now was Miles Standish
the friend of John Alden.”
Thereupon answered the bridegroom:
“Let all be forgotten
between us,—
965
All save the dear old friendship, and
that shall grow older
and dearer!”
Then the Captain advanced, and, bowing,
saluted Priscilla,
Gravely, and after the manner of old-fashioned
gentry in England,
Something of camp and of court, of town
and of country, commingled,
Wishing her joy of her wedding, and loudly
lauding her husband. 970
Then he said with a smile: “I
should have remembered the adage,—
If you would be well served, you must
serve yourself; and moreover,
No man can gather cherries in Kent at
the season of Christmas!"[58]
Great was the people’s amazement,
and greater yet their rejoicing,
Thus to behold once more the sunburnt
face of their Captain, 975
Whom they had mourned as dead, and they
gathered and crowded about him,
Eager to see him, and hear him, forgetful
of bride and of bridegroom,
Questioning, answering, laughing, and
each interrupting the other,
Till the good Captain declared, being
quite overpowered and bewildered,
He had rather by far break into an Indian
encampment, 980
Than come again to a wedding to which
he had not been invited.
Meanwhile the bridegroom went forth and
stood with the bride
at the doorway,
Breathing the perfumed air of that warm
and beautiful morning.
Touched with autumnal tints, but lonely
and sad in the sunshine,
Lay extended before them the land of toil
and privation; 985
There were the graves of the dead, and
the barren waste
of the sea-shore.
There the familiar fields, the groves
of pine, and the meadows;
But to their eyes transfigured, it seemed
as the Garden of Eden,
Filled with the presence of God, whose
voice was the sound
of the ocean.
Soon was their vision disturbed by the
noise and stir of departure, 990
Friends coming forth from the house, and
impatient of longer delaying,
Each with his plan for the day, and the
work that was left uncompleted.
Then from a stall near at hand, amid exclamations
of wonder,
Alden the thoughtful, the careful, so
happy, so proud of Priscilla,
Brought out his snow-white bull, obeying
the hand of its master. 995
Led by a cord that was tied to an iron
ring in its nostrils,
Covered with crimson cloth, and a cushion
placed for a saddle.
She should not walk, he said, through
the dust and heat of the noonday;
Nay, she should ride like a queen, not
plod along like a peasant.
Somewhat alarmed at first, but reassured
by the others, 1000
Placing her hand on the cushion, her foot
in the hand of her husband,
Gayly, with joyous laugh, Priscilla mounted
her palfrey.
“Nothing is wanting now,”
he said with a smile, “but the distaff;
Then you would be in truth my queen, my
beautiful Bertha!”
Onward the bridal procession now moved
to their new habitation, 1005
Happy husband and wife, and friends conversing
together.
Pleasantly murmured the brook, as they
crossed the ford in the forest,
Pleased with the image that passed, like
a dream of love through
its bosom,
Tremulous, floating in air, o’er
the depths of the azure abysses.
Down through the golden leaves the sun
was pouring his splendors, 1010
Gleaming on purple grapes, that, from
branches above them suspended,
Mingled their odorous breath with the
balm of the pine and
the fir-tree.
Wild and sweet as the clusters that grew
in the valley of Eshcol.[59]
Like a picture it seemed of the primitive,
pastoral ages,
Fresh with the youth of the world, and
recalling Rebecca
and Isaac,[60]
1015
Old and yet ever new, and simple and beautiful
always,
Love immortal and young in the endless
succession of lovers.
So through the Plymouth woods passed onward
the bridal procession.
—Longfellow.
[1] Miles Standish was born about 1580, the son of a Lancashire gentleman of a large estate. He entered the army of Queen Elizabeth and served for some time in the Netherlands. There he met the congregation of English Puritans with their pastor, Robinson, and although he did not become a member of their Church, he sailed with them in the Mayflower in 1620. He was entrusted with the defence of the new colony, and held, besides, other offices of trust in the community. In 1830 he removed from Plymouth and settled in Duxbury, where he died in 1656.
[2] The Mayflower, in which the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for America, reached Cape Cod in November, 1620. Some weeks were spent in exploring the coast, but finally, towards the end of December, the Mayflower anchored in Plymouth Harbour, and it was decided that they should make a landing and found a settlement there. The name of “Old Colony” was for a long time applied to the settlement about Plymouth.
[3] doublet. A close-fitting garment for men, covering the body from the neck to the waist.
[4] Cordovan leather. A goatskin leather, prepared in Cordova, Spain.
[5] Cutlass. A short curved sword used by sailors. corselet. Armour for the body; breastplate.
[6] Damascus. A city in Syria, famous for its steel blades.
[7] mystical. Obscure and mysterious in meaning.
[8] fowling-piece. A light gun used for shooting birds. matchlock. An old-fashioned gun, fired by means of a match. This “match” was generally made of twisted cord which would hold the flame.
[9] John Alden had been taken aboard the vessel at Southampton, as a cooper. He was free to return to England on the Mayflower, but decided to share the fortunes of the Puritans.
[10] A monk named Gregory, in the sixth century, seeing some fair-haired youths in the slave market at Rome, enquired as to their nationality. He was told that they were Angles. “Non Angli, sed Angeli,” said Gregory. “They have the faces of Angels, not of Angles.”
[11] Flanders, part of the Netherlands, in Europe.
[12] arcabucero. Literally, archer; here, musketeer,
[13] howitzer. A small cannon.
[14] The following is from an account of Plymouth Colony in 1627: “Upon the hill they have a large square house with a flat roof stayed with oak beams, upon the top of which they have six cannons, commanding the surrounding country. The lower part they use for their Church, where they preach on Sundays and the usual holidays. They assemble by beat of drum, each with his musket or firelock, in front of the Captain’s door; they have their cloaks on and place themselves in order three abreast, and are led by a sergeant without beat of drum. Behind comes the Governor in a long robe; beside him on the right hand comes the preacher, and on the left hand the Captain, and so they march in good order, and each sets his arms down near him. Thus they are constantly on their guard night and day.”
[15] sagamore. An Indian chief of the second rank; sachem, a chief of the first rank; pow-wow, a conjurer or medicine-man.
[16] Goldinge. A well-known translator of the Elizabethan age.
[17] The Mayflower set sail for England on April 5, 1621.
[18] Priscilla Mullins (or Molines) was the daughter of William Mullins, who died in the February following the landing of the Pilgrims.
[19]"In his journey, as he was crossing the Alps and passing by a small village of the barbarians with but few inhabitants, and those wretchedly poor, his companions asked the question among themselves by way of mockery if there were any canvassing for offices there; any contention which should be uppermost, or feuds of great men one against another. To which Caesar made answer seriously, ’For my part I had rather be the first man among these fellows, than the second man in Rome.’” Plutarch’s Life of Caesar, A. H. Clough’s translation.
[20] Genesis, ii, 18.
[21] illusion. An illusion is a misleading or deceptive appearance. The happiness that he had looked forward to was turning out to be false and unreal.
[22] Baal and Astaroth were the two chief divinities of the Phoenicians, male and female respectively. To worship Baal and Astaroth is to give oneself up to worldly desires and pleasures.
[23] The Mayflower, in England, is the hawthorn; in the New England States, the trailing arbutus.
[24] Ainsworth. A clergyman and scholar who was persecuted on account of his religious belief, and sought refuge in Holland.
[25] Luke, ix, 62.
[26] Terms used in heraldry.
[27] See Revelation, xxi and xxii. An apocalypse is a revelation, and the term is generally applied to the Book of Revelation.
[28] dulse. Coarse red seaweed, sometimes used as food.
[29] II Samuel, xii, 3.
[30] Districts of the Netherlands.
[31] hand-grenade. A ball or shell filled with explosives, and thrown by the hand.
[32] Wat Tyler. The leader of the peasant revolt in England in 1381.
[33] Elder William Brewster.
[34] See Acts ii, 1-4.
[35] Stephen Hopkins, Richard Warren, Gilbert Winslow.
[36] gunwale. The upper edge of a boat’s side.
[37] thwarts. Seats, crossing from one side of the boat to the other.
[38] adamantine. That cannot be broken; hence fate is “the wall adamantine.”
[39] yards. The spars supporting the sails.
[40] Gurnet. A headland near Plymouth.
[41] The place where the Pilgrims had their first encounter with the Indians, December 8, 1620.
[42] See Genesis, i, 2.
[43] See Genesis, ii, 10-14.
[44] The account of the march of Miles Standish is based on the New England chronicles.
[45] See I Samuel, xvii, and Numbers, xxi.
[46] wampum. Beads made of shells, and used by the Indians both for money and for ornament.
[47] to chaffer for peltries. To trade in skins or furs.
[48] merestead. A bounded lot.
[49] brackish. saltish.
[50] The chief character in a German legend.
[51] Helvetia. Switzerland
[52] stall. A booth, or shop.
[53] distaff. The staff for holding the flax or wool from which the thread is spun.
[54] See Exodus xxviii, for the references in this description.
[55] laver. A brazen vessel in the court or a Jewish tabernacle, where the priests washed their hands and feet.
[56] Book of Ruth, chapter iv.
[57] rack. vapor.
[58] An English proverb.
[59] Eshcol. When Moses sent spies into the land of Canaan, “they came unto the brook of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff.”
[60] See Genesis, xxiv.
The story of Sohrab and Rustum is based on an episode related in the Shahnamah, or Book of Kings, by Firdusi, the epic poet of Persia. The chief hero of the Shahnamah is Rustum, the Hercules of Persian mythology. Rustum was the son of Zal, a renowned Persian warrior. When a mere child, he performed many wonderful deeds requiring great strength and valor. He became the champion of his people, restored the Persian king to his throne, and defeated Afrasiab, the great Turanian, or Tartar, leader, who had invaded Persia. During a hunting expedition in Turan, his renowned horse Ruksh was stolen from him, and in order to recover it, he was forced to call on the King of Samangam, a neighbouring city. The king welcomed him, and gave him his daughter Tahminah, in marriage. Before the birth of his child, however, Rustum was called back to Persia, but he left with Tahminah a charm, or amulet, by which he might be able to recognize his offspring. When Sohrab, the son, was born, the mother, fearing that Rustum would return and take him away from her to bring him up as a soldier, sent word that a daughter had been born to him. Rustum, accordingly, did not return to Samangam, but remained in ignorance of Sohrab. In the meantime, as Sohrab grew, up he became a great warrior, and having learned that the renowned Rustum was his father, he longed to meet him, that he might fight for him and help to make him king. At length the opportunity came. The army of Afrasiab, under the command of Peran-Wisa, invaded Persia once more, and Sohrab accompanied the host. The Persians prepared to meet the invaders, and the two armies met at the river Oxus, which formed the boundary between the two kingdoms. It is at this point that the story of Sohrab and Rustum begins.
[Sohrab wakes in the early morning, and passes through the sleeping army to the tent of old Peran-Wisa, his chief.]
And the first grey of morning fill’d
the east,
And the fog rose out of the Oxus[1] stream.
But all the Tartar[2] camp along the stream
Was hush’d, and still the men were
plunged in sleep:
Sohrab alone, he slept not: all night
long 5
He had lain wakeful, tossing on his bed;
But when the grey dawn stole into his
tent,
He rose, and clad himself, and girt his
sword,
And took his horseman’s cloak, and
left his tent,
And went abroad into the cold wet fog,
10
Through the dim camp to Peran-Wisa’s[3]
tent.
Through the black Tartar tents he pass’d,
which stood
Clustering like bee-hives on the low flat
strand
Of Oxus, where the summer floods o’erflow
When the sun melts the snows in high Pamere:[4]
15
Through the black tents he pass’d,
o’er that low strand,
And to a hillock came a little back
From the stream’s brink, the spot
where first a boat,
Crossing the stream in summer, scrapes
the land.
The men of former times had crown’d
the top 20
With a clay fort: but that was fall’n;
and now
The Tartars built there Peran-Wisa’s
tent,
A dome of laths, and o’er it felts
were spread.
And Sohrab came there, and went in, and
stood
Upon the thick-pil’d carpets in
the tent, 25
And found the old man sleeping on his
bed
Of rugs and felts, and near him lay his
arms.
And Peran-Wisa heard him, though the step
Was dull’d; for he slept light,
an old man’s sleep;
And he rose quickly on one arm, and said:—
30
[Peran-Wisa wakes and asks the reason of his coming. Sohrab proposes to settle the battle by a duel with a champion selected by the Persians. By this plan Rustum would hear of it, and father and son meet at last.]
“Who art thou? for it is not yet
clear dawn.
Speak! is there news, or any night alarm?”
But Sohrab came to the bedside and said:—
“Thou know’st me, Peran-Wisa:
it is I.
The sun is not yet risen, and the foe
35
Sleep; but I sleep not, all night long
I lie
Tossing and wakeful, and I come to thee.
For so did King Afrasiab[5] bid me seek
Thy counsel, and to heed thee as thy son,
In Samarcand,[6] before the army march’d,
40
And I will tell thee what my heart desires.
Thou knowest if, since from Ader-baijan[7]
first
I came among the Tartars, and bore arms,
I have still serv’d Afrasiab well,
and shown,
At my boy’s years, the courage of
a man. 45
This too thou know’st, that, while
I still bear on
The conquering Tartar ensigns through
the world,
And beat the Persians back on every field,
I seek one man, one man, and one alone.
Rustum, my father; who, I hop’d
He spoke: and Peran-Wisa took the
hand
Of the young man in his, and sigh’d,
and said:—
“O Sohrab, an unquiet heart is thine!
65
Canst thou not rest among the Tartar chiefs,
And share the battle’s common chance
with us
Who love thee, but must press forever
first,
In single fight incurring single risk,
To find a father thou hast never seen?
70
Or, if indeed this one desire rules all,
To seek out Rustum—seek him
not through fight:
Seek him in peace, and carry to his arms,
O Sohrab, carry an unwounded son!
But far hence seek him, for he is not
here. 75
For now it is not as when I was young,
When Rustum was in front of every fray:
But now he keeps apart, and sits at home,
In Seistan,[8] with Zal, his father old.
Whether that his own mighty strength at
last 80
Feels the abhorr’d approaches of
old age;
Or in some quarrel with the Persian King.[9]
There go:—Thou wilt not?
Yet my heart forebodes
Danger or death awaits thee on this field.
Fain would I know thee safe and well,
though lost 85
To us: fain therefore send thee hence,
in peace
To seek thy father, not seek single fights
In vain:—but who can keep the
lion’s cub
From ravening? and who govern Rustum’s
son?
Go: I will grant thee what thy heart
desires.” 90
[Peran-Wisa fails to dissuade Sohrab. The sun rises, the fog clears, and the Tartar host gathers.]
So said he, and dropp’d Sohrab’s
hand and left
His bed, and the warm rugs whereon he
lay,
And o’er his chilly limbs his woollen
coat
He pass’d, and tied his sandals
on his feet,
And threw a white cloak round him, and
he took 95
In his right hand a ruler’s staff,
no sword,
And on his head he plac’d his sheep-skin
cap,
Black, glossy, curl’d the fleece
of Kara-Kill;[10]
And rais’d the curtain of his tent,
and call’d
His herald to his side, and went abroad.
100
The sun, by this, had risen, and clear’d
the fog
From the broad Oxus and the glittering
sands:
And from their tents the Tartar horsemen
fil’d,
Into the open plain; so Haman bade;
Haman, who next to Peran-Wisa rul’d
105
The host, and still was in his lusty prime.
From their black tents, long files of
horse, they stream’d:
As when, some grey November morn, the
files,
In marching order spread, of long-neck’d
cranes,
Stream over Casbin,[11] and the southern
slopes 110
Of Elburz,[12] from the Aralian estuaries,[13]
Or some frore[14] Caspian reed-bed, southward
bound
For the warm Persian sea-board: so
they stream’d.
The Tartars of the Oxus, the King’s
guard,
First with black sheep-skin caps and with
long spears; 115
Large men, large steeds, who from Bokhara[15]
come
And Khiva, and ferment the milk of mares.[16]
Next the more temperate Toorkmuns of the
south,[17]
The Tukas, and the lances of Salore,
And those from Attruck[18] and the Caspian
sands; 120
Light men, and on light steeds, who only
drink
The acrid milk of camels, and their wells.
And then a swarm of wandering horse, who
came
From far, and a more doubtful service[19]
own’d;
The Tartars of Ferghana, from the banks
125
Of the Jaxartes, men with scanty beards
And close-set skull-caps; and those wilder
hordes
Who roam o’er Kipchak and the northern
waste,
Kalmuks and unkemp’d Kuzzaks,[20]
tribes who stray
Nearest the Pole, and wandering Kirghizzes,
130
Who come on shaggy ponies from Pamere.
These all fil’d out from camp into
the plain,
And on the other side the Persians form’d:
First a light cloud of horse, Tartars
they seem’d,
The Ilyats of Khorassan:[21] and behind,
135
The royal troops of Persia, horse and
foot,
Marshall’d battalions bright in
burnish’d steel.
But Peran-Wisa with his herald came
Threading the Tartar squadrons to the
front,
And with his staff kept back the foremost
ranks. 140
And when Ferood, who led the Persians,
saw
That Peran-Wisa kept the Tartars back,
He took his spear, and to the front he
came,
And check’d his ranks, and fix’d
them where they stood.
And the old Tartar came upon the sand
145
Betwixt the silent hosts, and spake, and
said:—
[Peran-Wisa calls on the Persians to find a champion, and Gudurz agrees to do so.]
“Ferood, and ye, Persians and Tartars,
hear!
Let there be truce between the hosts to-day.
But choose a champion from the Persian
lords
To fight our champion Sohrab, man to man.”
150
As, in the country, on a morn in June,
When the dew glistens on the pearled ears,
A shiver runs through the deep corn for
Joy—–
So, when they heard what Peran-Wisa said,
A thrill through all the Tartar squadrons
ran 155
Of pride and hope for Sohrab, whom they
lov’d.
But as a troop of pedlars, from Cabool,[22]
Cross underneath the Indian Caucasus,
That vast sky-neighbouring mountain of
milk snow;
Winding so high, that, as they mount,
they pass 160
Long flocks of travelling birds dead on
the snow,
Chok’d by the air, and scarce can
they themselves
Slake their parch’d throats with
sugar’d mulberries—
In single file they move, and stop their
breath,
For fear they should dislodge the o’erhanging
snows— 165
So the pale Persians held their breath
with fear.
And to Ferood his brother chiefs came
up
To counsel: Gudurz and Zoarrah came,
And Feraburz, who rul’d the Persian
host
Second, and was the uncle of the king:
170
These came and counsell’d; and then
Gudarz said:—
“Ferood, shame bids us take their
challenge up,
Yet champion have we none to match this
youth.
He has the wild stag’s foot, the
lion’s heart.
But Rustum came last night; aloof he sits
175
And sullen, and has pitch’d his
tents apart:
Him will I seek, and carry to his ear
The Tartar challenge, and this young man’s
name
Haply he will forget his wrath, and fight.
Stand forth the while, and take their
challenge up.” 180
So spake he; and Ferood stood forth and
said:—
“Old man, be it agreed as thou hast
said.
Let Sohrab arm, and we will find a man.”
[Gudurz calls on Rustum in his tent. “Help us, Rustum, or we lose.”]
He spoke; and Peran-Wisa turn’d,
and strode
Back through the opening squadrons to
his tent. 185
But through the anxious Persians Gudurz
ran,
And cross’d the camp which lay behind,
and reach’d,
Out on the sands beyond it, Rustum’s
tents.
Of scarlet cloth they were, and glittering
gay,
Just pitch’d: the high pavilion
in the midst 190
Was Rustum’s, and his men lay camp’d
around.
And Gudurz enter’d Rustum’s
tent, and found
Rustum: his morning meal was done,
but still
The table stood beside him, charg’d
with food;
A side of roasted sheep, and cakes of
bread, 195
And dark green melons; and there Rustum
sate
Listless, and held a falcon on his wrist,
And play’d with it; but Gudurz came
and stood
Before him; and he look’d, and saw
him stand,
And with a cry sprang up, and dropp’d
the bird, 200
And greeted Gudurz with both hands, and
said:—
“Welcome! these eyes could see no
better sight.
What news! but sit down first, and eat
and drink.”
But Gudurz stood in the tent door, and
said:—
“Not now: a time will come
to eat and drink, 205
But not to-day: to-day has other
needs.
The armies are drawn out, and stand at
gaze:
For from the Tartars is a challenge brought
[Rustum at first declines, but stung by the taunt of Gudurz he agrees to fight—to be unknown by name.]
He spoke; but Rustum answer’d with
a smile:—
“Go to! if Iran’s Chiefs are
old, then I
Am older: if the young are weak,
the King
Errs strangely: for the King, for
Kai Khosroo, 220
Himself is young, and honours younger
men,
And lets the aged moulder to their graves.
Rustum he loves no more, but loves the
young—
The young may rise at Sohrab’s vaunts,
not I.
For what care I, though all speak Sohrab’s
fame? 225
For would that I myself had such a son,
And not that one slight helpless girl
I have,
A son so fam’d, so brave, to send
to war,
And I to tarry with the snow-hair’d
Zal,
My father, whom the robber Afghans vex,
230
And clip his borders short, and drive
his herds,
And he has none to guard his weak old
age.
There would I go, and hang my armour up,
And with my great name fence that weak
old man,
And spend the goodly treasures I have
got, 235
And rest my age, and hear of Sohrab’s
fame,
And leave to death the hosts of thankless
kings,
And with these slaughterous hands draw
sword no more.”
He spoke, and smil’d; and Gudurz made reply:— “What then, O Rustum, will men say to this, 240 When Sohrab dares our bravest forth, and seeks Thee most of all, and thou, whom most he seeks, Hidest thy face? Take heed, lest men should say Like some old miser, Rustum hoards his fame, And shuns to peril it with younger men.” 245 And, greatly mov’d, then Rustum made reply:— “O Gudurz, wherefore dost thou say such words? Thou knowest better words than this to say. What is one more, one less, obscure or fam’d, Valiant or craven, young or old, to me? 250 Are not they mortal, am not I myself? But who for men of nought would do great deeds? Come, thou shalt see how Rustum hoards his fame. But I will fight unknown, and in plain arms;[24] Let not men say of Rustum, he was match’d 255 In single fight with any mortal man.”
[Rustum arms; his appearance in the field brings joy to the Persians.]
He spoke, and frown’d; and Gudurz
turned, and ran
Back quickly through the camp in fear
and joy,
Fear at his wrath, but joy that Rustum
came,
But Rustum strode to his tent door, and
call’d 260
His followers in, and bade them bring
his arms,
And clad himself in steel: the arms
he chose
Were plain, and on his shield was no device,
Only his helm was rich, inlaid with gold
And from the fluted spine[25] atop a plume
265
Of horsehair wav’d, a scarlet horsehair
plume.
So arm’d, he issued forth; and Ruksh,
his horse,
Followed him, like a faithful hound, at
heel,
Ruksh, whose renown was nois’d through
all the earth,
The horse, whom Rustum on a foray once
270
Did in Bokhara by the river find,
A colt beneath its dam, and drove him
home,
And rear’d him; a bright bay, with
lofty crest;
Dight[26] with a saddle-cloth of broider’d
green
Crusted with gold, and on the ground were
work’d 275
All beasts of chase, all beasts which
hunters know:
So follow’d, Rustum left his tents,
and cross’d
The camp, and to the Persian host appear’d.
And all the Persians knew him, and with
shouts
Hail’d; but the Tartars knew not
who he was. 280
And dear as the wet diver to the eyes
Of his pale wife who waits and weeps on
shore,
By sandy Bahrein,[27] in the Persian Gulf,
Plunging all day in the blue waves, at
night,
Having made up his tale[28] of precious
pearls, 285
Rejoins her in their hut upon the sands—–
So dear to the pale Persians Rustum came.
[Rustum advances; warns Sohrab. Sohrab is young; why should he court defeat and death?]
And Rustum to the Persian front advanc’d,
And Sohrab arm’d in Haman’s
tent, and came.
And as afield the reapers cut a swathe
290
Down through the middle of a rich man’s
corn,
And on each side are squares of standing
corn,
And in the midst a stubble, short and
bare;
So on each side were squares of men, with
spears
Bristling, and in the midst, the open
sand. 295
And Rustum came upon the sand, and cast
His eyes towards the Tartar tents, and
saw
Sohrab come forth, and ey’d him
as he came.
As some rich woman, on a winter’s
morn,
Eyes through her silken curtains the poor
drudge 300
Who with numb blacken’d fingers
makes her fire—
At cock-crow, on a starlit winter’s
morn,
When the frost flowers the whiten’d
window panes—
And wonders how she lives, and what the
thoughts
Of that poor drudge may be; so Rustum
ey’d 305
The unknown adventurous youth, who from
afar
Came seeking Rustum, and defying forth
All the most valiant chiefs: long
he perus’d[29]
“O thou young man, the air of Heaven
is soft,
And warm, and pleasant; but the grave
is cold. 320
Heaven’s air is better than the
cold dead grave.
Behold me; I am vast, and clad in iron,
And tried;[30] and I have stood on many
a field
Of blood, and I have fought with many
a foe:
Never was that field lost, or that foe
sav’d. 325
O Sohrab, wherefore wilt thou rush on
death?
Be govern’d:[31] quit the Tartar
host, and come
To Iran, and be as my son to me,
And fight beneath my banner till I die.
There are no youths in Iran brave as thou.”
330
[Sohrab has vague suspicions it is his father. Rustum, in ignorance, coldly waives aside all overtures. They fight.]
So he spake, mildly: Sohrab heard
his voice,
The mighty voice of Rustum; and he saw
His giant figure planted on the sand,
Sole, like some single tower, which a
chief
Has builded on the waste in former years
335
Against the robbers; and he saw that head,
Streak’d with its first grey hairs:
hope fill’d his soul;
And he ran forwards and embrac’d
his knees,
And clasp’d his hand within his
own and said:—
“Oh, by thy father’s head!
by thine own soul! 340
Art thou not Rustum? Speak! art
thou not he!”
But Rustum ey’d askance the kneeling
youth,
And turn’d away, and spoke to his
own soul:—
“Ah me, I muse what this young fox
may mean,
False, wily, boastful, are these Tartar
boys. 345
For if I now confess this thing he asks,
And hide it not, but say—Rustum
is here—
He will not yield indeed, nor quit our
foes,
But he will find some pretext not to fight,
And praise my fame, and proffer courteous
gifts. 350
A belt or sword perhaps, and go his way.
And on a feast day, in Afrasiab’s
hall,
In Samarcand, he will arise and cry—
’I challeng’d once, when the
two armies camp’d
Beside the Oxus, all the Persian lords
355
To cope with me in single fight; but they
Shrank; only Rustum dar’d:
then he and I
Chang’d gifts,[32] and went on equal
terms away.’
So will he speak, perhaps, while men applaud.
Then were the chiefs of Iran sham’d
through me.” 360
And then he turn’d, and sternly
spake aloud:—
“Rise! wherefore dost thou vainly
question thus
Of Rustum? I am here, whom thou
hast call’d
By challenge forth; make good thy vaunt,
or yield.
Is it with Rustum only thou would’st
fight? 365
Rash boy, men look on Rustum’s face
and flee.
For well I know, that did great Rustum
stand
Before thy face this day, and were reveal’d,
There would be then no talk of fighting
more.
But being what I am, I tell thee this;
370
Do thou record it in thine inmost soul,
Either thou shalt renounce thy vaunt,
and yield;
Or else thy bones shall strew this sand,
till winds
Bleach them, or Oxus with his summer floods,
Oxus in summer wash them all away.”
375
He spoke; and Sohrab answer’d, on
his feet:—
“Art thou so fierce? Thou
wilt not fright me so.
I am no girl, to be made pale by words.
Yet this thou hast said well, did Rustum
stand
Here on this field, there were no fighting
then, 380
But Rustum is far hence, and we stand
here.
Begin: thou art more vast, more dread
than I,
And thou art prov’d, I know, and
I am young,—
But yet success sways with the breath
of heaven,[33]
And though thou thinkest that thou knowest
sure 385
Thy victory, yet thou canst not surely
know.
For we are all, like swimmers in the sea,
Pois’d on the top of a huge wave
of Fate,
Which hangs uncertain to which side to
fall.
And whether it will heave us up to land,
390
Or whether it will roll us out to sea,
Back out to sea, to the deep waves of
death,
We know not, and no search will make us
know:
Only the event will teach us in its hour.”
[Sohrab avoids Rustum’s blow. Rustum falls on the sand, and has his life spared by his son.]
He spoke, and Rustum answer’d not,
but hurl’d 395
His spear: down from the shoulder,
down it came,
As on some partridge in the corn a hawk
That long has tower’d in the airy
clouds
Drops like a plummet;[34] Sohrab saw it
come,
And sprang aside, quick as a flash:
the spear 400
Hiss’d, and went quivering down
into the sand,
Which it sent flying wide: then Sohrab
threw
In turn, and full struck Rustum’s
shield: sharp rang,
The iron plates rang sharp, but turn’d
the spear.
And Rustum seiz’d his club, which
none but he 405
Could wield; an unlopp’d trunk it
was, and huge,
Still rough; like those which men in treeless
plains
To build them boats fish from the flooded
rivers,
Hyphasis or Hydaspes,[35] when, high up
By their dark springs, the wind in winter-time
410
Has made in Himalayan forests wrack,[36]
And strewn the channels with torn boughs;
“Thou strik’st too hard:
that club of thine will float
Upon the summer floods, and not my bones,
425
But rise, and be not wroth: not wroth
am I:
No, when I see thee, wrath forsakes my
soul.
Thou say’st thou art not Rustum:
be it so.
Who art thou then, that canst so touch
my soul?
Boy as I am, I have seen battles too;
430
Have waded foremost in their bloody waves,
And heard their hollow roar of dying men;
But never was my heart thus touch’d
before.
Are they from Heaven, these softenings
of the heart?
O thou old warrior, let us yield to Heaven!
435
Come, plant we here in earth our angry
spears,
And make a truce, and sit upon this sand,
And pledge each other in red wine, like
friends,
And thou shalt talk to me of Rustum’s
deeds.
There are enough foes in the Persian host
440
Whom I may meet, and strike, and feel
no pang,
Champions enough Afrasiab has, whom thou
Mayst fight, fight them, when they confront
thy spear.
But oh, let there be peace ’twixt
thee and me!”
He ceas’d: but while he spake,
Rustum had risen, 445
And stood erect, trembling with rage:
his club
He left to lie, but had regain’d
his spear,
Whose fiery point now in his mail’d
right hand
Blaz’d bright and baleful, like
that autumn star,[37]
The baleful sign of fevers: dust
had soil’d 450
His stately crest, and dimm’d his
glittering arms.
His breast heav’d; his lips foam’d;
and twice his voice
Was chok’d with rage: at last
these words broke away:—
[Rustum in wounded pride returns furiously to the combat. He shouts his cry of “Rustum!” Sohrab incautiously at the sound exposes his side to a wound and falls.]
“Girl! nimble with thy feet, not
with thy hands!
Curl’d minion,[38] dancer, coiner
of sweet words! 455
Fight; let me hear thy hateful voice no
more!
Thou art not in Afrasiab’s gardens
now
With Tartar girls, with whom thou art
wont to dance;
But on the Oxus sands, and in the dance
Of battle, and with me, who make no play
460
Of war: I fight it out, and hand
He spoke; and Sohrab kindled at his taunts,
And he too drew his sword: at once
they rush’d
Together, as two eagles on one prey
Come rushing down together from the clouds,
470
One from the east, one from the west:
their shields
Dash’d with a clang together, and
a din
Rose, such as that the sinewy woodcutters
Make often, in the forest’s heart
at morn,
Of hewing axes, crashing trees: such
blows 475
Rustum and Sohrab on each other hail’d.
And you would say that sun and stars took
part
In that unnatural conflict; for a cloud
Grew suddenly in heaven, and dark’d
the sun
Over the fighters’ heads; and a
wind rose 480
Under their feet, and moaning swept the
plain,
And in a sandy whirlwind wrapp’d
the pair.
In gloom they twain were wrapp’d,
and they alone;
For both the on-looking hosts on either
hand
Stood in broad daylight, and the sky was
pure, 485
And the sun sparkled on the Oxus stream.
But in the gloom they fought, with bloodshot
eyes
And labouring breath; first Rustum struck
the shield
Which Sohrab held stiff out: the
steel-spik’d spear
Rent the tough plates, but failed to reach
the skin, 490
And Rustum pluck’d it back with
angry groan.
Then Sohrab with his sword smote Rustum’s
helm,
Nor clove its steel quite through; but
all the crest
He shore away, and that proud horsehair
plume,
Never till now defil’d, sunk to
the dust; 495
And Rustum bow’d his bead; but then
the gloom
Grew blacker: thunder rumbled in
the air,
And lightnings rent the cloud; and Ruksh,
the horse,
Who stood at hand, utter’d a dreadful
cry:
No horse’s cry was that, most like
the roar 500
Of some pain’d desert lion, who
all day
Has trail’d the hunter’s javelin
in his side,
And comes at night to die upon the sand:—
The two hosts heard that cry, and quak’d
for fear,
And Oxus curdled as it cross’d his
stream. 505
But Sohrab heard, and quail’d not,
but rush’d on,
And struck again; and again Rustum bow’d
His head; but this time all the blade,
like glass,
Sprang in a thousand shivers on the helm,
And in his hand the hilt remain’d
alone. 510
Then, Rustum rais’d his head:
his dreadful eyes
Glar’d, and he shook on high his
menacing spear,
And shouted, Rustum! Sohrab heard
that shout,
And shrank amaz’d: back he
recoil’d one step,
And scann’d with blinking eyes the
[Sohrab says his fall will be avenged by Rustum.]
Then, with a bitter smile, Rustum began;—
“Sohrab, thou thoughtest in thy
mind to kill 525
A Persian lord this day, and strip his
corpse,
And bear thy trophies to Afrasiab’s
tent.
Or else that the great Rustum would come
down
Himself to fight, and that thy wiles would
move
His heart to take a gift, and let thee
go. 530
And then that all the Tartar host would
praise
Thy courage or thy craft, and spread thy
fame,
To glad thy father in his weak old age.
Fool! thou art slain, and by an unknown
man!
Dearer to the red jackals shall thou be,
535
Than to thy friends, and to thy father
old.”
And with a fearless mien Sohrab replied:—
“Unknown thou art; yet thy fierce
vaunt is vain.
Thou dost not slay me, proud and boastful
man!
No! Rustum slays me, and this filial
heart. 540
For were I match’d with ten such
men as thou,
And I were he who till to-day I was,
They should be lying here, I standing
there.
But that beloved name unnerv’d my
arm—
That name, and something, I confess, in
thee, 545
Which troubles all my heart, and made
my shield
Fall; and thy spear transfix’d an
unarm’d foe.
And now thou boastest, and insult’st
my fate.
But hear thou this, fierce man, tremble
to hear!
The mighty Rustum shall avenge my death!
550
My father, whom I seek through all the
world,
He shall avenge my death, and punish thee!”
As when some hunter in the spring hath
found
A breeding eagle sitting on her nest,
Upon the craggy isle of a hill lake,
555
And pierc’d her with an arrow as
she rose,
And follow’d her to find her where
she fell
Far off;—anon her mate comes
winging back
From hunting, and a great way off descries
His huddling young left sole; at that,
he checks 560
His pinion, and with short uneasy sweeps
Circles above his eyry, with loud screams
Chiding his mate back to her nest; but
she
Lies dying, with the arrow in her side,
In some far stony gorge out of his ken,
565
A heap of fluttering feathers: never
more
Shall the lake glass her, flying over
it;
Never the black and dripping precipices
Echo her stormy scream as she sails by:—
As that poor bird flies home, nor knows
his loss, 570
So Rustum knew not his own loss, but stood
Over his dying son, and knew him not.
[Rustum anxiously says he never had a son, but only a daughter.]
But with a cold, incredulous voice, he
said:—
“What prate is this of fathers and
revenge?
The mighty Rustum never had a son.”
575
And, with a failing voice, Sohrab replied:—
“Ah yes, he had! and that lost son
am I.
Surely the news will one day reach his
ear,
Reach Rustum, where he sits, and tarries
long,
Somewhere, I know not where, but far from
here; 580
And pierce him like a stab, and make him
leap
To arms, and cry for vengeance upon thee.
Fierce man, bethink thee, for an only
son!
What will that grief, what will that vengeance
be!
Oh, could I live, till I that grief had
seen! 585
Yet him I pity not so much, but her,
My mother, who in Ader-baijan dwells
With that old king, her father, who grows
grey
With age, and rules over the valiant Koords.[39]
Her most I pity, who no more will see
590
Sohrab returning from the Tartar camp,
With spoils and honour, when the war is
done.
But a dark rumour will be bruited up,[40]
From tribe to tribe, until it reach her
ear;
And then will that defenceless woman learn
595
That Sohrab will rejoice her sight no
more,
But that in battle with a nameless foe,
By the far distant Oxus, he is slain.”
[The truth breaks in upon Rustum. Again he charges Sohrab with a false tale.]
He spoke; and as he ceas’d he wept
aloud,
Thinking of her he left, and his own death.
600
He spoke; but Rustum listen’d, plung’d
in thought.
Nor did he yet believe it was his son
Who spoke, although he call’d back
names he knew
For he had had sure tidings that the babe,
Which was in Ader-baijan born to him,
605
Had been a puny girl, no boy at all:
So that sad mother sent him word, for
fear
Rustum should take the boy, to train in
arms;
And so he deem’d that either Sohrab
took,
By a false boast, the style[41] of Rustum’s
son; 610
Or that men gave it him, to swell his
fame.
So deem’d he; yet he listen’d,
plung’d in thought;
And his soul set to grief, as the vast
tide
Of the bright rocking ocean sets to shore
At the full moon: tears gathered
in his eyes; 615
For he remembered his own early youth,
And all its bounding rapture; as, at dawn,
The shepherd from his mountain lodge descries
A far bright city, smitten by the sun,
Through many rolling clouds;—so
Rustum saw 620
His youth; saw Sohrab’s mother,
in her bloom;
And that old king, her father, who lov’d
well
His wandering guest, and gave him his
fair child
With joy; and all the pleasant life they
“O Sohrab, thou indeed art such
a son
Whom Rustum, wert thou his, might well
have lov’d!
Yet here thou errest, Sohrab, or else
men 640
Have told thee false;—thou
art not Rustum’s son.
For Rustum had no son: one child
he had—
But one—a girl; who with her
mother now
Plies some light female task, nor dreams
of us—
Of us she dreams not, nor of wounds, nor
war.” 645
But Sohrab answer’d him in wrath;
for now
The anguish of the deep-fix’d spear
grew fierce,
And he desired to draw forth the steel,
And let the blood flow free, and so to
die,
But first he would convince his stubborn
foe— 650
And, rising sternly on one arm, he said:—
[Sohrab discloses the mark by which he was to be known. “O boy—thy father!”]
“Man, who art thou who dost deny
my words?
Truth sits upon the lips of dying men,
And Falsehood, while I liv’d, was
far from mine.
I tell thee, prick’d upon this arm
I bear 655
That seal which Rustum to my mother gave,
That she might prick it on the babe she
bore.”
He spoke: and all the blood left
Rustum’s cheeks;
And his knees totter’d, and he smote
his hand,
Against his breast, his heavy mailed hand,
660
That the hard iron corslet clank’d
aloud;
And to his heart he press’d the
other hand,
And in a hollow voice he spake, and said:—
“Sohrab, that were a proof which
could not lie.
If thou shew this, then art thou Rustum’s
son.” 665
Then, with weak hasty fingers, Sohrab
loos’d
His belt, and near the shoulder bar’d
his arm,
And shew’d a sign in faint vermilion
points
Prick’d: as a cunning workman,
in Pekin,
Pricks with vermilion some clear porcelain
vase, 670
An emperor’s gift—at
early morn he paints,
And all day long, and, when night comes,
the lamp
Lights up his studious forehead and thin
hands:—
So delicately prick’d the sign appear’d[42]
On Sohrab’s arm, the sign of Rustum’s
seal. 675
It was that griffin, which of old rear’d
[Father and son embrace. “Would that the Oxus were flowing over me!” says the unhappy father.]
“Father, forbear: for I but
meet to-day 705
The doom that at my birth was written
down
In Heaven, and thou art Heaven’s
unconscious hand.
Surely my heart cried out that it was
thou,
When first I saw thee; and thy heart spoke
too,
I know it: but fate trod those promptings
down 710
Under its iron heel; fate, fate engag’d
The strife, and hurl’d me on my
father’s spear.
But let us speak no more of this:
I find
My father; let me feel that I have found.
Come, sit beside me on this sand, and
take 715
My head betwixt thy hands, and kiss my
cheeks,
And wash them with thy tears, and say,
‘My Son!’
Quick! quick! for number’d are my
sands of life,
And swift; for like the lightning to this
field
I came, and like the wind I go away—
720
Sudden, and swift, and like a passing
wind,
But it was writ in Heaven that this should
be.”
So said he: and his voice releas’d
the heart
Of Rustum, and his tears broke forth;
he cast
His arms round his son’s neck, and
wept aloud, 725
And kiss’d him. And awe fell
on both the hosts
When they saw Rustum’s grief; and
“Ruksh, now thou grievest; but,
O Ruksh, thy feet 735
Should then have rotted on thy nimble
joints,
When first they bore thy master to this
field.”
But Sohrab look’d upon the horse
and said:—
“Is this then Ruksh? How often,
in past days,
My mother told me of thee, thou brave
steed! 740
My terrible father’s terrible horse;
and said,
That I should one day find thy lord and
thee,
Come, let me lay my hand upon thy mane.
O Ruksh, thou art more fortunate than
I;
For thou hast gone where I shall never
go, 745
And snuff’d the breezes of my father’s
home.
And thou hast trod the sands of Seistan,
And seen the river of Helmund,[44] and
the lake
Of Zirrah; and the aged Zal himself
Has often strok’d thy neck, and
given thee food, 750
Corn in a golden platter soak’d
with wine,
And said—’O Ruksh! bear
Rustum well!’—but I
Have never known my grandsire’s
furrow’d face,
Nor seen his lofty house in Seistan,
Nor slak’d my thirst at the clear
Helmund stream; 755
But lodg’d among my father’s
foes, and seen
Afrasiab’s cities only, Samarcand,
Bokhara, and lone Khiva in the waste,
And the black Toorkmun tents; and only
drunk
The desert rivers, Moorghab and Tejend,
760
Kohik, and where the Kalmuks feed their
sheep,
The northern Sir;[45] and this great Oxus
stream—
The yellow Oxus, by whose brink I die.”
And, with a heavy groan, Rustum replied:—
“Oh that its waves were flowing
over me! 765
Oh that I saw its grains of yellow silt[46]
Roll tumbling in the current o’er
my head!”
[Sohrab’s dying wish. “Draw off your forces; build for me a memorial pillar in Seistan.” He foretells the death of Rustum.]
And, with a grave mild voice, Sohrab replied:—
“Desire not that, my father; thou
must live.
For some are born to do great deeds, and
live, 770
As some are born to be obscur’d,
and die.
Do thou the deeds I die too young to do,
And reap a second glory in thine age.
Thou art my father, and thy gain is mine,
But come: thou seest this great host
of men 775
Which follow me; I pray thee, slay not
these:
Let me entreat for them: what have
they done?
They follow’d me, my hope, my fame,
my star.
Let them all cross the Oxus back in peace.
And with a mournful voice, Rustum replied:—
“Fear not; as thou hast said, Sohrab,
my son,
So shall it be: for I will burn my
tents,
And quit the host, and bear thee hence
with me, 795
And carry thee away to Seistan,
And place thee on a bed, and mourn for
thee,
With the snow-headed Zal, and all my friends.
And I will lay thee in that lovely earth,
And heap a stately mound above thy bones,
800
And plant a far-seen pillar over all;
And men shall not forget thee in thy grave,
And I will spare thy host: yea, let
them go:
Let them all cross the Oxus back in peace.
What should I do with slaying any more?
805
For would that all whom I have ever slain
Might be once more alive; my bitterest
foes,
And they who were call’d champions
in their time,
And through whose death I won that fame
I have;
And I were nothing but a common man,
810
A poor, mean soldier, and without renown;
So thou mightest live too, my son, my
son!
Or rather would that I, even I myself,
Might now be lying on this bloody sand,
Near death, and by an ignorant stroke
of thine, 815
Not thou of mine; and I might die, not
thou;
And I, not thou, be borne to Seistan;
And Zal might weep above my grave, not
thine,
And say—O son, I weep thee
not too sore,
For willingly, I know, thou met’st
thine end.— 820
But now in blood and battles was my youth,
And full of blood and battles is my age;
And I shall never end this life of blood.”
Then, at the point of death, Sohrab replied:—
“A life of blood indeed, thou dreadful
man! 825
But thou shall yet have peace; only not
now;
Not yet: but thou shalt have it on
that day,[47]
When thou shalt sail in a high-masted
ship,
Thou and the other peers of Kai-Khosroo,[48]
Returning home over the salt blue sea,
830
From laying thy dear master in his grave.”
[Rustum is left by the body of his son. The river Oxus flows on under the starlight into the Sea of Aral.]
And Rustum gaz’d on Sohrab’s
face, and said:—
“Soon be that day, my son, and deep
that sea!
Till then, if fate so wills, let me endure.”
He spoke; and Sohrab smil’d on him,
and took 835
The spear, and drew it from his side,
and eas’d
His wound’s imperious[49] anguish:
but the blood
Came welling from the open gash, and life
Flow’d with the stream: all
down his cold white side
The crimson torrent pour’d, dim
now, and soil’d, 840
Like the soil’d tissue of white
violets
Left, freshly gather’d, on their
native bank,
By romping children, whom their nurses
call
From the hot fields at noon: his
head droop’d low,
His limbs grew slack; motionless, white,
he lay— 845
White, with eyes clos’d; only when
heavy gasps,
Deep, heavy gasps, quivering through all
his frame,
Convuls’d him back to life, he open’d
them,
And fix’d them feebly on his father’s
face:
Till now all strength was ebb’d,
and from his limbs 850
Unwillingly the spirit fled away,
Regretting the warm mansion which it left,
And youth and bloom, and this delightful
world.
So, on the bloody sand, Sohrab lay dead.
And the great Rustum drew his horseman’s
cloak 855
Down o’er his face, and sate by
his dead son.
As those black granite pillars, once high-rear’d
By Jemshid in Persepolis,[50] to bear
His house, now, mid their broken flights
of steps,
Lie prone, enormous, down the mountain
side— 860
So in the sand lay Rustum by his son.
And night came down over the solemn waste,
And the two gazing hosts, and that sole
pair,
And darken’d all; and a cold fog,
with night,
Crept from the Oxus. Soon a hum
arose, 865
As of a great assembly loos’d, and
fires
Began to twinkle through the fog:
for now
Both armies mov’d to camp, and took
their meal:
The Persians took it on the open sands
Southward; the Tartars by the river marge:
870
And Rustum and his son were left alone.
But the majestic river floated on
Out of the mist and hum of that low land;
Into the frosty starlight, and there mov’d,
Rejoicing, through the hush’d Chorasmian[51]
waste 875
Under the solitary moon: he flow’d
Right for the polar star, past Orgunje,[52]
Brimming, and bright, and large:
then sands begin
To hem his watery march, and dam his streams,
And split his currents; that for many
a league 880
The shorn and parcell’d Oxus strains
along
Through beds of sand and matted rushy
isles—
Oxus, forgetting the bright speed he had
In his high mountain cradle in Pamere,
A foil’d circuitous wanderer:—till
at last 885
The long’d-for dash of waves is
heard, and wide
His luminous home of waters[53] opens,
bright
And tranquil, from whose floor the new-bath’d
stars
Emerge, and shine upon the Aral Sea.
—Arnold.
[1] Oxus. One of the great rivers of central Asia, forming the boundary between Persia and Turan, or Tartary.
[2] Tartar. A general name given to the tribes in central Asia east of the Oxus.
[3] Peran-Wisa (Pe’ran-We’sa). The commander of the Tartar tribes which formed the army of King Afrasiab.
[4] Pamere. A plateau in central Asia.
[5] King Afrasiab (Afra’-siab). King of the Tartars.
[6] Samarcand. A city in Turkestan.
[7] Ader-baijan (Ader-bi’-yan). A province of Persia.
[8] Seistan (Sa-es-tan’). A district of eastern Persia.
[9] Perhaps because he is beginning to feel old, or on account of some quarrel with the Persian king.
[10] Kara-Kul. A district in Persia.
[11] Casbin. A city in Persia.
[12] Elburz. A mountain range in northern Persia.
[13] Aralian estuaries. The mouth of the rivers flowing into the sea of Aral.
[14] frore. frozen.
[15] Bokhara and Khiva. Districts of central Asia.
[16] The Tartars use an intoxicating liquor called koumiss, made from mare’s or camel’s milk.
[17] Lines 118-134 mention various nomadic tribes; the names are of no great importance.
[18] Attruck and Jaxartes (l. 126). Names of rivers.
[19] more doubtful service. Their allegiance was doubtful; they were not bound to follow the army of King Afrasiab.
[20] Kuzzaks. Cossacks.
[21] Khorassan. A province of north-eastern Persia.
[22] Cabool. Cabul, the capital of Afghanistan. The trade route between Cabul and Hindustan crosses the mountains at a great height.
[23] Iran. The original came of Persia.
[24] in plain arms. Without any device on his shield.
[25] fluted spine. The hollow spike at the top of the helmet, in which the helmet-feather or crest is fitted.
[26] Dight. decked.
[27] Bahrein. An island.
[28] tale. number.
[29] perus’d. scanned.
[30] tried. experienced.
[31] Be govern’d. Take my advice.
[32] Chang’d gifts. Exchanged gifts, as a sign of friendship.
[33] Success is changeable as the wind.
[34] plummet. The lead used for sounding the depth of the sea.
[35] Hyphasis or Hydaspes. Two great rivers in northern India.
[36] wrack. ruin, destruction.
[37] that autumn star. Sirius, the dog star.
[38] minion. darling, or favorite. The word is generally used to express contempt.
[39] Koords. The people of Kurdistan.
[40] It will be rumoured, or bruited, abroad.
[41] style. title or name.
[42] According to the original legend, Rustum left an amulet, or charm, with the mother of Sohrab. Arnold has altered this detail of the story, and substituted a seal for the amulet.
[43] griffin. A mythical creature, half-lion, half-eagle, which was supposed to keep guard over hidden treasure. Just as in Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus were reared by a she-wolf, so in Persian mythology, Zal was reared by a griffin.
[44] Helmund. A river in Afghanistan.
[45] Sir. Another name for the river Jaxartes.
[46] silt. A deposit of mud or fine earth.
[47] This prophecy waa not fulfilled. Rustum, according to the legend, met his death by treachery at the hand of his half-brother Shughad.
[48] Kai Khosroo. The King of Persia, see line 220.
[49] imperious. demanding relief.
[50] Persepolis. An ancient city supposed to have been built by Jemshid, or Jamshid, a mythical king of Persia.
[51] Chorasmian waste. A desert land, on the lower Oxus.
[52] Orgunje. A village on the Oxus.
[53] home of waters. The Aral Sea, or “Sea of Islands.”