than
          two larger ones acting independently. 
    B. The plan has resulted in economies where it has been tried; for
       1.  In Des Moines, Iowa, the first year under the new charter showed
          a relative saving of $182,949.65 as compared with the year
          before.  C. R. Woodruff, as cited, p. 250.
       2.  In Haverhill, Massachusetts, in the first year of commission
          government a deficit of $79,452 was turned into a surplus of
          $36,511, after paying off indebtedness to the extent of
          $133,000.  C. R. Woodruff, as cited, p. 278.
       1’.Though a despatch in a daily paper (April 3, 1911) declares
          that the city of Haverhill has been forced to borrow, yet the
          report is untrustworthy without further evidence; for
          a’.  In itself it is contradictory and confused; and b’.  It is
              known that professional politicians and other enemies
              of the plan have often spread false reports about it. 
              McClure’s Magazine, Vol.  XXXV, p. 107.

III.  The adoption of the plan will result in more efficient service to
the city; for
     A. A better class of citizens will be drawn into office;
        for
        1.  City officials can plan and carry out their policies
           without petty interference;
        2.  In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, the commission, employed a civic-service
           expert, and carried out his recommendations.  J. J. Hamilton,
           as cited, p. 180.
        3.  In Galveston, Texas, citizens of a better grade have taken
           office, and the tone of the city administration has been
           raised.  W. B. Munro, in The Chautauquan, Vol.  LI, p. 110. 
     B. Commission government has resulted in better administration where
        it has been tried; for
        1.  Galveston and Houston, Texas, Des Moines and Cedar Rapids, Iowa,
           have all reported better police administration, improvements in
           streets and parks, more advantageous dealings with
           public-service corporations.  C. J. Woodruff, as cited,
           pp. 242-287.
        2.  No city which has tried the plan has yet given it up.  C. J.
           Woodruff, as cited, p. 310.
        1’.Although Chelsea, Massachusetts, is cited as having given up a
           commission government, yet the case is not parallel, since
           a’.  The commission under which the city had lived was appointed
               by the governor after a disastrous conflagration; and
           b’.  The form of government substituted has most of the essential
               features of the:  commission government except the size of
               the council, which has four members elected at large, and
               five by district.