of England, to share his intentions.  Nor had the assigns of Raleigh become indifferent to “western planting”; which the most distinguished of them all, “industrious Hakluyt,” the historian of maritime enterprise, still promoted by his personal exertions, his weight of character, and his invincible zeal.  Possessed of whatever information could be derived from foreign sources and a correspondence with eminent navigators of his times, and anxiously watching the progress of Englishmen in the West, his extensive knowledge made him a counselor in every colonial enterprise.

The King of England, too timid to be active, yet too vain to be indifferent, favored the design of enlarging his dominions.  He had attempted in Scotland the introduction of the arts of life among the Highlanders and the Western Isles, by the establishment of colonies; and the Scottish plantations which he founded in the northern counties of Ireland contributed to the affluence and the security of that island.  When, therefore, a company of men of business and men of rank, formed by the experience of Gosnold, the enthusiasm of Smith, the perseverance of Hakluyt, the influence of Popham and Gorges, applied to James I. for leave “to deduce a colony into Virginia,” the monarch, on the tenth of April, 1606, readily set his seal to an ample patent.

The first colonial charter, under which the English were planted in America, deserves careful consideration.

Appleton and Company, New York.

MEN AND GOVERNMENT IN EARLY MASSACHUSETTS

From ‘History of the United States’

These better auspices, and the invitations of Winthrop, won new emigrants from Europe.  During the long summer voyage of the two hundred passengers who freighted the Griffin, three sermons a day beguiled their weariness.  Among them was Haynes, a man of very large estate, and larger affections; of a “heavenly” mind, and a spotless life; of rare sagacity, and accurate but unassuming judgment; by nature tolerant, ever a friend to freedom, ever conciliating peace; an able legislator; dear to the people by his benevolent virtues and his disinterested conduct.  Then also came the most revered spiritual teachers of two commonwealths:  the acute and subtle Cotton, the son of a Puritan lawyer; eminent in Cambridge as a scholar; quick in the nice perception of distinctions, and pliant in dialects; in manner persuasive rather than commanding; skilled in the fathers and the schoolmen, but finding all their wisdom compactly stored in Calvin; deeply devout by nature as well as habit from childhood; hating heresy and still precipitately eager to prevent evil actions by suppressing ill opinions, yet verging toward a progress in truth and in religious freedom; an avowed enemy to democracy, which he feared as the blind despotism of animal instincts in the multitude, yet opposing hereditary power in all its forms; desiring a government of moral opinion, according to the laws