These people, the Ilongots, although very few in number, only six thousand, stretch from Nueva Vizcaya to the Pacific Coast, inhabiting an immense region of forested and all but inaccessible mountains.  Over these they roam without any specially fixed habitation.  They have the reputation, and apparently deserve it, of being cruel and treacherous, as they certainly are shy and wild.  It was these people who killed Doctor Jones, of the Marshall Field Museum, after he had been with them eight or nine months.  So recently as 1907 they made a descent on Dupax, killing people and taking their heads.  When they mean to kill a man fairly, according to their ideas, they hand him a fish.  This is a signal that he must be on his guard:  to refuse the fish is of no use, because by so doing one puts one’s self beyond the pale, and may be killed in any fashion.  We heard a story here of a Negrito stealing a pig from two Ilongots who had a Negrito brother-in-law.  Failing to recover the pig, they decided that they must have a Negrito head, and so took their brother-in-law’s.  Pig-stealing, by the way, in the mountain country is regarded much as horse-stealing used to be out West.  Besides the spear and head knife, the Ilongots, like the Negritos, with whom they have intermarried to a certain extent, use the bow and arrow, and are correspondingly dreaded.  For it seems to be believed in Luzon that bow-and-arrow savages are more dangerous than spear-and-ax-men; that the use of this projectile weapon, the arrow, induces craftiness, hard to contend against.  An Ilongot can silently shoot you in the back, after you have passed.  A spear-man has to get closer, and can not use an ambush so readily. [13]

Now our Government in the Philippines, by and through and because of Mr. Worcester, had made repeated efforts to reach these Ilongots, to bring them in, as it were, and only recently had these efforts met with any success.  For one thing, it is a very serious matter to seek them out in the depths of their fastnesses if only because of the difficulty of reaching them; many of them even now have never seen a white man, and would escape, if I recollect aright, on the approach of our people.  But in 1908 some fifty of them did “come in,” and, gaining confidence, this number grew to one hundred and fifty in 1909.  They, or some of them at least, now sent an invitation to Mr. Worcester to come and see them, and he accepted on condition of their making a trail, saying that they could not expect a man of his stature to creep through their country on his hands and knees.  This trail they had built, and they had assembled at Campote, four hours from Dupax, for this first formal visit; It was the desire of Mr. Worcester that this visit should be happy in all respects; for, if not, the difficulties of intercourse with this people, already great, would be so seriously increased as to delay the civilizing intentions of the Government for many years to come.