Upon the establishment of the empire, the public lands became a vast manorial estate whose over-lord was the emperor himself.

[Footnote 1:  L. Langii, Commentationis de Legibus Antoniis a Cicerone Phil., V, 4, 10; Commemoratis particula prior et posterior; Lipsiae, 1882; Lange, Roem.  Alter., III, 499, 503, 526; Marquardt u.  Momm., Roem.  Alter., IV, 116.]

[Footnote 2:  Lange, Comm., II, 14.]

[Footnote 3:  Cicero, Phil., VI, 5, 14; XI, 6, 13.]

[Footnote 4:  Phil., V, 7, 20.]

[Footnote 5:  Langii, Comm., II, 14.]

[Footnote 6:  Cic., Phil., II, 17, 43; II, 39, 101; III, 9, 22; VIII, 8, 26; Dio Cass., 45, 30; 46, S.]

[Footnote 7:  Cic., Phil., V, 4, 10; V, 19, 53; X, 8, 17; VIII, 15, 31.]

[Footnote 8:  [Greek:  “Dosesi ton Italikon poleon oktokaideka ... osper autois anti taes polemias dorilaeptoi genomenai....  Outo men ta kallista taes Italias to strato diegrephon.”] App., IV, 3.]

FINIS.