death; but their punishment, at the intercession of Olmedo, was mitigated to banishment.  Thus the settlement of Segura fell to the ground, which had been established in a very fertile country, but exceedingly unhealthy.  By the cruelty and extortion of Alvarado, the minds of the natives were alienated, and they threw off their allegiance; but he reduced them again to submission, and they continued afterwards to behave themselves peaceably.

[1] This expedition appears to have been for the reduction of certain
    provinces to the south-east of the vale of Mexico, now forming the
    intendency of Oaxaca, inhabited by the Mixtecas and Tzapotecas.  The
    Tustepeque of the text, was probably a town on the Boca de Chacahua on
    the South Sea, now called Tututepec, in lat. 15º 50’ N. and long. 100º
    15’ E. On the very imperfect map of Clavigero, it is named Tototepec,
    and is placed in the country of the Mixtecas.—­E.

[2] Named, more appropriately, in the map of Clavigero, Tzapoteca-pan.—­E.

[3] I suspect this ought to be named Chinantla.—­E.

[4] This way probably be some corruption of the native name of the Rio
    Coatzacualco, or Huaxacualco; by giving it the ordinary Spanish prefix
    agua; which signifies water, or a river, with the native termination
    cualco.—­E.

SECTION XVI.

Some Account of the Expedition of Francisco de Garay for the Colonization of Panuco.

Having formerly mentioned the expedition fitted out by Francisco de Garay, the governor of Jamaica, it seems proper to give a more particular account of that affair in this place.  Hearing of the great riches which Diego Velasquez was likely to acquire from New Spain, and of the fertile countries which had been discovered on the continent of the West Indies, and encouraged by the means he now possessed of prosecuting discoveries and conquests, he determined to try his own fortune in that career.  For this purpose he sent for and discoursed with Alaminos, who had been our chief pilot, from whom he received so favourable an account of these countries, that he sent Juan de Torralva, a person in whom he could confide, to solicit the bishop of Burgos to grant him a commission for settling the country on the river of Panuco; and having succeeded in this preliminary step, he fitted out an armament of three ships, with 240 soldiers, under the command of Alonzo Alvarez Pineda, who was defeated by the Panuchese, one ship only escaping, which joined us at Villa Rica, as already related.  Receiving no intelligence of the fate of his first armament, Garay sent a second, which also arrived at our port.  Having now expended a great deal of money to no purpose, and having learnt the good fortune of Cortes, he became more than ever desirous to secure the advantages he expected to derive from his commission.  With this