began his reign, 14th Oct. 1066, died 9th Sept. 1087.

Contemporaries.

Popes.

Alexander II., 1061. 
Gregory VII., 1073. 
Victor III., 1086.

Emperors of the East.

Constantine XII.,1059. 
Romanus IV., 1068. 
Michael VII., 1071. 
Nicephorus I., 1078. 
Alexis I., 1081.

Emperor of the West.

Henry IV., 1056.

France.

Philip I., 1060.

Scotland.

Malcolm III., 1059. 
Donald VIII., 1068.

* * * * *

WILLIAM RUFUS

began his reign 9th Sept. 1087, died 2nd Aug. 1100.

Popes.

Victor III., 1086. 
Urban II., 1088. 
Pascal II., 1099.

Emperor of the East.

Alexis I., 1081.

Emperor of the West.

Henry IV., 1056.

France.

Philip I., 1060.

Scotland.

Donald VIII., 1068.

* * * * *

HENRY I.

began his reign 2nd August 1100, ended 1st Dec. 1135.

Popes.

Pascal II., 1099. 
Gelassus II., 1118. 
Calistus II., 1119. 
Honorius II., 1124. 
Innocent II., 1130. 
Celestin II., 1134.

Emperors of the East.

Alexis I., 1081. 
John Cominus, 1118.

Emperors of the West.

Henry IV., 1056. 
Henry V., 1106. 
Lotharius II., 1125.

France.

Philip I., 1060. 
Louis VI., 1108.

Scotland.

Donald VIII., 1068. 
Edgar, 1108. 
David, 1134.

* * * * *

STEPHEN

began his reign 1st Dec. 1135, ended 25th Oct. 1154.

Popes.

Celestin II., 1134. 
Lucius II., 1144. 
Eugenius III., 1145. 
Anastasius IV., 1153. 
Adrian V., 1154.

Emperors of the East.

John Cominus, 1118. 
Emanuel Cominus, 1143.

Emperors of the West.

Lotharius II., 1125. 
Conrad III., 1138. 
Frederic I., 1152.

France.

Louis VI., 1108. 
Louis VII., 1137.

Scotland.

David, 1134.

* * * * *

Saxon Line Restored.

HENRY II.

began his reign 25th Oct. 1154, ended 6th July, 1189.

Popes.

Adrian IV., 1154. 
Alexander II., 1154. 
Lucius III., 1181. 
Urban III., 1185. 
Gregory VIII., 1187. 
Clement III., 1188.