from Raynouard, Choix des poesies originales des Troubadours, Paris, 1816.  Suchier, Denkmaeler provenzalischer Sprache, Halle, 1883; Appel, Provenzalische Inedita, Leipsic, 1890; Chabaneau, Poesies inedites des Troubadours du Perigord, Paris, 1885; P. Meyer, Les derniers troubadours de Provence, Paris, 1871, should be mentioned.  Most of the pieces in the Parnasse Occitanien, Toulouse, 1819, are to be found better edited elsewhere.  Other pieces are to be found in various Festschriften and occasional or private publications, too numerous to be detailed here.  C. Chabaneau, Les biographies des Troubadours, Toulouse, 1885 (part of the Histoire generale de Languedoc) is full of valuable information.  The biographies have been translated by I. Farnell, Lives of the Troubadours, London, 1896.

NOTES

CHAPTER I

1.  See maps at the end of Groeber’s Grundriss, vol. i.

2. De Vulg.  El. I., 8:  alii oc, alii oil, alii si affirmando loquuntur, and Vita Nuova, xxv.  Dante also knew the term provincialis.

3.  Boethius.  F. Huendgen, Oppeln, 1884.  For Sainte Foy d’Agen, see Romania xxxi., p, 177 ff.

4.  P. Meyer in Romania v., p. 257.  Bedier, Les chansons de Croisade, Paris, 1909, p. 16.

5.  See P. Maus, Peire Cardenals Strophenbau, Marburg, 1884.

6.  See Jeanroy, Origines, etc.

CHAPTER II

7.  Provencal has also the feminine joia with the general meaning of “delight.”

8.  See Stimming’s article in Groeber’s Grundriss.

9.  Raynouard, Les Troubadours et les Cours d’Amour, Paris, 1817; see also Diez, Ueber die Minnehoefe, Berlin, 1825.  Pio Rajna, Le Corti d’Amore, Milan, 1890.

10. Annales du Midi, xix. p. 364.

11. Die provenzalische Tenzone, R. Zenker, Leipsic, 1888.

CHAPTER III

12.  Girart de Roussillon, translation by P. Meyer, Paris, 1884:  see also Romania, vii.  Diplomatic copies of the MSS. in Romanische Studien V. Le Roman de Flamenca, P. Meyer, Paris, 1901.

13.  J. B. Beck, Die Melodien der Troubadours, Strasburg, 1908. La Musique des Troubadours, Paris, 1910, by the same author, who there promised a selection of songs harmonized for performance:  this has not yet appeared.  See also Quatre poesies de Marcabrun, Jeanroy, Dejeanne and Aubry, Paris, 1904, with texts, music, and translations.

14.  Schindler, Die Kreuzzuege in der altprovenzalischen und mittelhochdeutschen lyrik., Dresden, 1889.  K. Lewent, Das altprovenzalische Kreuzlied, Berlin, 1905.