[4] Cibrario, Pol.  Ec. del Med.  Evo. III. 228.  The GOLD FLORIN of
    Florence was worth a fraction more = 9_s._ 4.85_d._

Sign.  Desimoni, of Genoa, obligingly points out that the changed relation of Gold ducat and silver grosso was due to a general rise in price of gold between 1284 and 1302, shown by notices of other Italian mints which raise the equation of the gold florin in the same ratio, viz. from 9 sols tournois to 12.

[5] For 1/18 of the florin will be 6.23_d._, and deducting 1/6, as
    pointed out above, we have 4.99_d._ as the value of the
    grosso.

    I have a note that the grosso contained 42-88/144 Venice grains of
    pure silver.  If the Venice grain be the same as the old Milan grain
    (.051 grammes) this will give exactly the same value of 5_d._

[6] Also called, according to Romanin, Lira d’imprestidi.  See
    Introd.  Essay in vol. i. p. 66.

[7] It is not too universally known to be worth noting that our L. s. d.
    represents Livres, sois, deniers.

[8] He also states the grosso to have been worth 32 piccoli, which
    is consistent with this and the two preceding statements.  For at 3.2
    lire to the ducat the latter would = 768 piccoli, and 1/24 of
    this = 32 piccoli.  Pegolotti also assigns 24 grossi to the ducat (p.
    151).

    The tendency of these Lire, as of pounds generally, was to
    degenerate in value.  In Uzzano (1440) we find the Ducat equivalent to
    100 soldi, i.e. to 5 lire.

    Everybody seems to be tickled at the notion that the Scotch Pound or
    Livre was only 20 Pence.  Nobody finds it funny that the French or
    Italian Pound is only 20 halfpence, or less!

[9] Uzzano in Delia Decima, IV. 124.

[10] According to Galliccioli (II. 53) piccoli (probably in the
    vague sense of small copper coin) were called in the Levant [Greek: 
    tornesia].

[11] Thus in the document containing the autograph of King Hayton,
    presented at p. 13 of Introductory Essay, the King gives with
    his daughter, “Damoiselle Femie,” a dowry of 25,000 besans
    sarrazinas, and in payment 4 of his own bezants staurats
    (presumably so called from bearing a cross) are to count as one
    Saracen Bezant. (Cod.  Diplomat. del S. Mil.  Ord.  Gerosolim.  I.
    134.)

APPENDIX L.—­Sundry Supplementary Notes on Special Subjects.—­(H.C.)

   1.—­The Polos at Acre.
   2.—­Sorcery in Kashmir.
   3.—­PAONANO PAO.
   4.—­Pamir.
   5.—­Number of Pamirs.
   6.—­Site of Pein.
   7.—­Fire-arms.
   8.—­La Couvade.
   9.—­Alacan.
  10.—­Champa.
  11.—­Ruck Quills.
  12.—­A Spanish Edition of Marco Polo.
  13.—­Sir John Mandeville.